Nanoparticle Technologies and Application
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The term "nanotechnology" is perceived differently by various science experts. Do we need to limit ourselves to the area of nanoparticle materials, which entails the construction of nanostructures from a particular number of atoms? Do we have to include the world of miniaturized products which is mainly dominated by advanced microelectronics with sizes lesser than hundred nanometers? How do we handle the concepts which at first instance seem to be very unique, i.e. the link between surface and volume of the various aggregates and the functionality of macromolecules regulated by different elect...
The term "nanotechnology" is perceived differently by various science experts. Do we need to limit ourselves to the area of nanoparticle materials, which entails the construction of nanostructures from a particular number of atoms? Do we have to include the world of miniaturized products which is mainly dominated by advanced microelectronics with sizes lesser than hundred nanometers? How do we handle the concepts which at first instance seem to be very unique, i.e. the link between surface and volume of the various aggregates and the functionality of macromolecules regulated by different electronic systems?Over the past two decades the scientific community has witnessed significant interest in nanomaterials and nanotechnology with research influences from chemists, physicists, biologists and scientists serving in the medical, textile, agricultural and environmental fields. Variety of inputs from various fields and their harmonizing nature in manufacturing and characterization of products from household objects to space machineries have enriched the basics of nanoparticle technology. This can be conveniently understood as approximately 80 journals have appeared on nanotechnology and thousands of research papers have been published on this subject till date. Almost all nanotechnology based fields, including nanomaterials, Nanoelectronics, Nanomedicine and Nano energy have different applications. Therefore, commercial developments and innovations for all the technologies are significantly different. However, these technologies are deeply associated with each other. It is therefore imperative to focus our studies on interdisciplinary fields to comprehend and apply nanoparticle technology effectively. Taking these fundamental ideas and technologies for our work, this book contains the multidisciplinary concepts of nanotechnology and nanomaterials illustrated on a widest scale possible.Nowadays, a tidal wave of novel products directly associated with nanoparticle technology can be observed in various scientific fields. Therefore, the fundamental ideas will be presented and a brief summary will be explained in Chapter 1. However, it remains a challenging job to understand the compatibility of various domains. A comprehensive knowledge regarding the basic nanofabrication techniques are discussed in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 exploits the electrical and electronic functionalities of nanoparticle materials. The advances in nanotechnology have resulted in the evolution of electronics, telecommunications and information technology, allowing us to combine the discrete fields together. Nanoparticle technology has revolutionized the automotive industry, the use of nanomaterials in automotive applications has been extensively discussed in Chapter 4. Sustainable energy production is a key to survive and thrive in this modern era of technological competition. Nanomaterials have a strong potential to fulfill the energy demands of the domestic and commercial sector by providing cost efficient energy solutions. . Chapter 5 encompasses the fundamental energy materials and their use for production of solar cells, batteries and fuel cells. Nowadays, the use of nanomaterials for development of nanomedicine and biosensors has gained significant importance due to their ability to revolutionize diagnosis and treatment of fatal diseases such as cancer, tumors, etc. Chapter 6 covers the use of advanced nanomaterials and their derivatives in biomedical applications. Apart from nanofabrication, it is also essential to characterize the nanostructures to assess their functional properties. Presently, various characterization techniques are being used to characterize the nanostructures which include Scanning Electron Microscope (for microstructural analysis), X-Ray Diffraction (for detection of crystal structure), X-ray photospectroscopy (for compositional analysis), etc. Most of the common characterization techniques are discussed in Chapter 7. Nanotechnology is a comparatively unexplored field as compared to conventional technologies but it has a potential to revolutionize the future world. However, every technology is prone to dangers and risks and nanotechnology also has some environmental and health concerns. Chapter 8 deals with the impact of nanotechnology and nanomaterials on environment and human health. Nanoscience and nanoparticle technologies are playing a vital role to shape our present and future. However, such a powerful technology also has its consequences. Therefore, it is essential to reap the fruits of nanoparticle technology by using this technology wisely.
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