Minimizing the Use of Chemicals to Control Scaling in Sea Water Reverse Osmosis

Improved Prediction of the Scaling Potential of Calcium Carbonate

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A comprehensive study on the scaling potential of calcium carbonate in seawater reverse osmosis systems (SWRO). The study provides a new approach for calculating the degree of supersaturation and the pH of the SWRO systems concentrates with the assistance of the feed-water pH and the inorganic carbon constituents.