Ideal Gas
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An ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed of a set of randomly-moving point particles that interact only through elastic collisions. The ideal gas concept is useful because it obeys the ideal gas law, a simplified equation of state, and is amenable to analysis under statistical mechanics. At normal ambient conditions such as standard temperature and pressure, most real gases behave qualitatively like an ideal gas. Generally, deviation from an ideal gas tends to decrease with higher temperature and lower density, as the work performed by intermolecular forces becomes less significant compared ...
An ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed of a set of randomly-moving point particles that interact only through elastic collisions. The ideal gas concept is useful because it obeys the ideal gas law, a simplified equation of state, and is amenable to analysis under statistical mechanics. At normal ambient conditions such as standard temperature and pressure, most real gases behave qualitatively like an ideal gas. Generally, deviation from an ideal gas tends to decrease with higher temperature and lower density, as the work performed by intermolecular forces becomes less significant compared with the particles' kinetic energy, and the size of the molecules becomes less significant compared to the empty space between them. The ideal gas model tends to fail at lower temperatures or higher pressures, when intermolecular forces and molecular size become important. At some point of low temperature and high pressure, real gases undergo a phase transition, such as to a liquid or a solid. The model of an ideal gas, however, does not describe or allow phase transitions. These must be modeled by more complex equations of state.
