Honoré de Balzac was born into a family which aspired to achieve respectability through its industry and efforts. His father, born Bernard-François Balssa, was one of eleven children from an artisan family in Tarn, a region in the south of France. In 1760 he set off for Paris with only a Louis coin in his pocket, intent on improving his social standing; by 1776 he had become Secretary to the King's Council and a Freemason (he had also changed his name to the more noble sounding Balzac, his son later adding-without official recognition-the nobiliary particle: de). After the Reign of Terror (1793-94), François Balzac was despatched to Tours to coordinate supplies for the Army.
