Helical Laser Beams
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This book discusses helical Ince-Gaussian beams, which are presented as expansions in Hermite-Gaussian modes, and analytical expressions for the orbital angular momentum are obtained for them. In scalar optics, light is described by a complex amplitude, a complex function of three Cartesian coordinates. This function must be a solution to the scalar paraxial Helmholtz equation, which is equivalent to the Schrödinger equation in quantum mechanics. There are not many known exact analytical solutions of this equation in the form of special functions, only a few dozen. Each such solution can be a...