Grand Unified Theory
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The term Grand Unified Theory or GUT, refers to any of several similar models in particle physics in which at high energy scales, the three gauge interactions of the standard model which define the electromagnetic, weak nuclear, and strong nuclear forces, are merged into one single interaction characterized by a larger gauge symmetry and one unified coupling constant rather than three independent ones. This unification is possible due to the energy scale dependence of parameters in quantum field theory called renormalization group running, which allows parameters with vastly different values a...
The term Grand Unified Theory or GUT, refers to any of several similar models in particle physics in which at high energy scales, the three gauge interactions of the standard model which define the electromagnetic, weak nuclear, and strong nuclear forces, are merged into one single interaction characterized by a larger gauge symmetry and one unified coupling constant rather than three independent ones. This unification is possible due to the energy scale dependence of parameters in quantum field theory called renormalization group running, which allows parameters with vastly different values at collider energies to converge at much higher energy scales, generically between 1014 GeV and the Planck scale. Due to this property, the physics of most grand unification scenarios cannot be probed directly at particle colliders, but might instead be accessible through indirect observations such as proton decay or the properties of neutrinos.
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