Engineering and Design

Engineering and Design

Ice Engineering

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All hydraulic projects subjected to freezing temperatures have ice problems, such as: ice buildup on lock walls, hydropower intakes, and lock approaches; ice accumulation in navigation channels; ice passage over spillways that scours the downstream channels; and ice damage to shore structures and shorelines, etc. Therefore, ice control measures should be considered for both new and existing projects to improve operations and safety in cold regions. In Part I, this manual contains a discussion of ice formation processes, physical properties, and potential solutions to associated problems. Part ...