Biology and integrated pest management of the pistachio psyllid
Biology parameters, natural enemies, control tools
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Almost simultaneously with the psyllid s establishment on pistachios leaves, many beneficial insects appear in the orchard. For this reason, plant protection products must be friendly to the ecological environment, particularly for the beneficial insects. In this work discusses whether different sampling methods lead to similar conclusions about psyllid densities in relation to sampling location (height) sex ratio and reproductive maturity of female psyllids. Evaluated the effects of the nitrogen fertilizer on pistachio psyllid population and on nut damage. Also studied the effect of temperatu...
Almost simultaneously with the psyllid s establishment on pistachios leaves, many beneficial insects appear in the orchard. For this reason, plant protection products must be friendly to the ecological environment, particularly for the beneficial insects. In this work discusses whether different sampling methods lead to similar conclusions about psyllid densities in relation to sampling location (height) sex ratio and reproductive maturity of female psyllids. Evaluated the effects of the nitrogen fertilizer on pistachio psyllid population and on nut damage. Also studied the effect of temperature on psyllid s development, fecundity and demographic parameters. Laboratory and field studies, as well, were done on the seasonal forms and reproductive diapause of the pistachio psylla in Northern Greece. Finally, estimated the effectiveness of IGRs and other plant protection products against A. targionii in the field and in the laboratory.
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