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Atmosphere and Oceans / Polar Remote Sensing 1
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This work will be a comprehensive multidisciplinary discussion of the applications of satellite remote sensing - advanced ground-based remote sensing, as both are related to polar science and operations. Discussion is provided on the various passive and active remote sensor types in sufficient details to be self-contained, with numerous references for further reading. Subsequent chapters will be devoted to specific geophysical applications, including principles of retrieval algorithms, with brief reviews of major remote sensing advances and publications in each discipline. Also included will be a review of the current state of the science in each discipline. The final chapters will address current satellite data availability, and the use of satellite data in support of expeditions and field operations.
The polar regions, perhaps more than any other places on Earth, give the geophysical scientist a sense of exploration. This sensibility is genuine, for not only is high-latitude ?eldwork arduous with many locations seldom or never visited, but there remains much fundamental knowledge yet to be discovered about how the polar regions interact with the global climate system. The range of opportunities for new discovery becomes strikingly clear when we realize that the high latitudes are not one region but are really two vastly di?erent worlds. The high Arctic is a frozen ocean surrounded by land, and is home to fragile ecosystems and unique modes of human habitation. The Antarctic is a frozen continent without regular human habitation, covered by ice sheets taller than many mountain ranges and surrounded by the Earth's most forbidding ocean. When we consider global change as applied to the Arctic, we discuss impacts to a region whose surface and lower atmospheric temperatures are near the triple point of water throughout much of the year. The most consistent signatures of climate warming have occurred at northern high latitudes (IPCC, 2001), and the potential impacts of a few degrees increase in surface temperature include a reduction in sea ice extent, a positive feedback to climate warming due to lowering of surface albedo, and changes to surface runo? that might a?ect the Arctic Ocean's salinity and circulation.