A comprehensive and approachable introduction to 5G and 5G-Advanced Written by a noted expert on the subject, this Second Edition of An Introduction to 5G delivers a comprehensive, system-level guide to 5G and 5G-Advanced. Building on the foundations laid in the First Edition, the topics explored include the market and use cases for 5G-Advanced; the architectures of the next generation radio access network, open radio access networks and the 5G core; the principles of radio transmission, millimeter waves and MIMO antennas; the architecture and operation of the 5G New Radio; the implementation…mehr
A comprehensive and approachable introduction to 5G and 5G-Advanced Written by a noted expert on the subject, this Second Edition of An Introduction to 5G delivers a comprehensive, system-level guide to 5G and 5G-Advanced. Building on the foundations laid in the First Edition, the topics explored include the market and use cases for 5G-Advanced; the architectures of the next generation radio access network, open radio access networks and the 5G core; the principles of radio transmission, millimeter waves and MIMO antennas; the architecture and operation of the 5G New Radio; the implementation of network function services by means of HTTP/2; and the signaling procedures that govern the end-to-end operation of the system. This Second Edition has been thoroughly expanded and updated for 3GPP Release 18, to cover the new capabilities introduced under the name of 5G-Advanced. There are new chapters on: * The foundations of 5G-Advanced, including non-terrestrial networks, multicast/broadcast services, wireless backhauling, unlicensed spectrum, and artificial intelligence and machine learning * The Internet of Things, including time-sensitive communications, non-public networks, edge computing, and massive machine-type communications * Device-to-device communications on the 5G sidelink, in support of vehicle, aircraft and proximity-based services * The new features being introduced in 3GPP Release 19, and the expected applications, technologies and performance capabilities of 6G An Introduction to 5G is written for engineering professionals in mobile telecommunications, for those in non-technical roles such as management, marketing and intellectual property, and for students. It requires no more than a basic understanding of mobile communications, and includes detailed references to the underlying 3GPP specifications for 5G. The book's approach provides a comprehensive, end-to-end overview of the 5G standard, which enables readers to move on with confidence to the more specialized texts and to the specifications themselves.
Christopher Cox, PhD, is Director of Chris Cox Communications Ltd, UK. He is a professional technical trainer and consultant in mobile telecommunications, and an expert in 5G, 4G and 3G communication technologies. He draws on this expertise in delivering technical training and intellectual property consultancy for clients drawn from network operators and equipment manufacturers worldwide.
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Preface xxiii Acknowledgements xxv List of Abbreviations xxvii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Architecture of a Mobile Telecommunication System 1 1.2 History of Mobile Telecommunications 5 1.3 Technologies for 5G 9 1.4 The 3GPP 5G System 13 1.5 Enhanced Mobile Broadband 19 1.6 Massive Machine-type Communications 21 1.7 Ultra-reliable Low-latency Communication 23 References 24 2 Architecture of the Core Network 29 2.1 The Evolved Packet Core 29 2.2 The 5G Core Network 31 2.3 Network Areas and Identities 36 2.4 State Diagrams 38 2.5 Network Slicing 39 2.6 Non-3GPP Access to the 5G Core 42 2.7 Signalling Protocols 43 2.8 The Hypertext Transfer Protocol 45 2.9 Example Network Function Services 48 References 52 3 Architecture of the Radio Access Network 57 3.1 The Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network 57 3.2 The Next-generation Node B 60 3.3 Architectural Options 62 3.4 Network Areas and Identities 66 3.5 RRC State Diagram 67 3.6 Signalling Protocols 69 3.7 Open Radio Access Networks 71 References 73 4 Spectrum, Antennas and Propagation 77 4.1 Radio Spectrum 77 4.2 Antennas and Propagation 79 4.3 Radio Propagation Issues for Millimetre Waves 82 4.4 Multipath, Fading and Coherence 86 References 90 5 Digital Signal Processing 93 5.1 Modulation and Demodulation 93 5.2 Radio Transmission in a Mobile Cellular Network 99 5.3 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access 100 5.4 Other Features of OFDMA 107 5.5 Signal-processing Issues for 5G 111 5.6 Error Management 112 References 116 6 Multiple-antenna Techniques 117 6.1 Beamforming 117 6.2 Beamforming at the gNB 120 6.3 Beamforming at the Mobile 126 6.4 Beam Management 127 6.5 Spatial Multiplexing 130 6.6 Multiple-user MIMO 133 6.7 Massive MIMO 137 6.8 Single-user MIMO 139 6.9 Multipoint Transmission and Reception 143 References 144 7 Architecture of the 5G New Radio 145 7.1 Air Interface Protocol Stack 145 7.2 Frequency Bands and Combinations 152 7.3 Frequency Domain Structure 156 7.4 Time Domain Structure 161 7.5 Multiple Antennas 166 7.6 Data Transmission 167 References 171 8 Cell Acquisition 175 8.1 Acquisition Procedure 175 8.2 Resource Mapping 177 8.3 Acquisition of the SS/PBCH Block 180 8.4 System Information 181 References 184 9 Random Access 187 9.1 Physical Random Access Channel 187 9.2 Random Access Procedure 190 9.3 Variations on the Random Access Procedure 193 References 194 10 Link Adaptation 197 10.1 CSI Reference Signals 197 10.2 Channel State Information 201 10.3 Physical Uplink Control Channel 205 10.4 Sounding 208 References 210 11 Data Transmission and Reception 213 11.1 Introduction 213 11.2 Transmission and Reception of the PDCCH 216 11.3 Scheduling Messages 219 11.4 Transmission and Reception of the PUSCH and PDSCH 223 11.5 Reference Signals 226 11.6 Hybrid ARQ Acknowledgements 228 11.7 Related Procedures 230 11.8 Performance of 5G 234 References 238 12 Air Interface Layer 2 241 12.1 Medium Access Control 241 12.2 Radio Link Control 245 12.3 Packet Data Convergence Protocol 249 12.4 Service Data Adaptation Protocol 251 References 252 13 Registration Procedures 253 13.1 Power-on Sequence 253 13.2 Network and Cell Selection 254 13.3 RRC Connection Establishment 256 13.4 Registration Procedure 258 13.5 Deregistration Procedure 263 References 264 14 Security 267 14.1 Security Principles 267 14.2 Network Access Security 268 14.3 Network Access Security Procedures 270 14.4 Network Domain Security 276 14.5 Service-based Architecture Domain Security 278 References 280 15 Session Management, Policy and Charging 283 15.1 Types of PDU Session 283 15.2 Quality of Service 285 15.3 Implementation of PDU Sessions 290 15.4 Policy and Charging Control Architecture 295 15.5 PDU Session Management Procedures 298 References 305 16 Mobility Management in RRC_CONNECTED 309 16.1 Introduction to RRC_CONNECTED 309 16.2 Measurement Configuration and Reporting 310 16.3 Handover Procedures 315 16.4 Dual Connectivity Procedures 320 16.5 State Transitions out of RRC_CONNECTED 323 References 326 17 Mobility Management in RRC_IDLE 329 17.1 Introduction to RRC_IDLE 329 17.2 Cell Reselection Procedures 330 17.3 Registration Updating 333 17.4 State Transitions out of RRC_IDLE 335 References 338 18 Mobility Management in RRC_INACTIVE 339 18.1 Introduction to RRC_INACTIVE 339 18.2 Mobility Management 341 18.3 State Transitions 343 18.4 Small Data Transmission in RRC_INACTIVE 347 References 347 19 Inter-operation with the Evolved Packet Core 349 19.1 Inter-operation Architectures 349 19.2 Registration Modes 353 19.3 Use of the Migration Architecture 353 19.4 Interworking Without N 26 356 19.5 Interworking with N 26 357 References 361 20 Foundations of 5G-Advanced 363 20.1 Location Services 363 20.2 Integrated Access and Backhaul 366 20.3 Use of Unlicensed Spectrum 371 20.4 Multicast and Broadcast Services 376 20.5 Non-terrestrial Networks 380 20.6 Network Automation, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning 385 20.7 Service Enabler Architecture Layer 388 References 389 21 The Internet of Things 395 21.1 Time-sensitive Communications 395 21.2 Non-public Networks 400 21.3 5G Virtual Networks 402 21.4 Edge Computing 404 21.5 Massive Machine-type Communications 410 21.6 Messaging Services 412 References 414 22 Vehicle Communications and the Sidelink 417 22.1 Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communications 417 22.2 Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles 423 22.3 Proximity-based Services 425 22.4 Architecture of the Sidelink 430 22.5 Sidelink Timing Synchronization 435 22.6 Sidelink Transmission and Reception 437 22.7 Access Stratum Procedures for the Sidelink 442 22.8 Operation of Sidelink Communication 444 22.9 Operation of ProSe Direct Discovery 447 References 448 23 From 5G-Advanced to 6G 453 23.1 Release 19 453 23.2 6g 456 References 461 Further Reading 465 Index 469
