David Hume

Broschiertes Buch

An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals

Beschreibung

First published in 1751, "An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals" by David Hume, the Scottish Enlightenment philosopher, was the enquiry subsequent to his 1748 work "Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding" and is often referred to as "the second Enquiry". In Hume's own opinion it was the very best of all his writings. In "An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals", Hume expands upon his ideas of morality first discussed in his earlier work "A Treatise of Human Nature". Hume seeks to understand how humans make moral judgments and whether ethics have a basis in objective reality or reason. Hume argues that ethics is fundamentally rooted in sentiment and emotion and that ethics has no meaning apart from human understanding. Rather, whether something is ethical or not depends largely on the feelings that the behavior evokes. Hume also makes the compelling argument that true virtue is based on the natural world and is not dependent on laws or social systems. Instead, the most important and worthy virtues are found in the highest merit that human nature is capable of, such as being merciful, generous, friendly, and benevolent. "An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals" remains an important and thought-provoking masterpiece of philosophy nearly three hundred years later. This edition is printed on premium acid-free paper.

Autor

David Hume (/hjüm/; born David Home; 7 May 1711 NS (26 April 1711 OS) - 25 August 1776)[9] was a Scottish Enlightenment philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist, who is best known today for his highly influential system of philosophical empiricism, scepticism, and naturalism.[1] Beginning with A Treatise of Human Nature (1739-40), Hume strove to create a naturalistic science of man that examined the psychological basis of human nature. Hume argued against the existence of innate ideas, positing that all human knowledge derives solely from experience. This places him with Francis Bacon, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and George Berkeley, as a British Empiricist.[10] Hume argued that inductive reasoning and belief in causality cannot be justified rationally; instead, they result from custom and mental habit. We never actually perceive that one event causes another, but only experience the "constant conjunction" of events. This problem of induction means that to draw any causal inferences from past experience it is necessary to presuppose that the future will resemble the past, a presupposition which cannot itself be grounded in prior experience.[11] An opponent of philosophical rationalists, Hume held that passions rather than reason govern human behaviour, famously proclaiming that "Reason is, and ought only to be the slave of the passions".[10] Hume was also a sentimentalist who held that ethics are based on emotion or sentiment rather than abstract moral principle. He maintained an early commitment to naturalistic explanations of moral phenomena, and is usually taken to have first clearly expounded the is-ought problem, or the idea that a statement of fact alone can never give rise to a normative conclusion of what ought to be done.[12] Hume also denied that humans have an actual conception of the self, positing that we experience only a bundle of sensations, and that the self is nothing more than this bundle of causally-connected perceptions. Hume's compatibilist theory of free will takes causal determinism as fully compatible with human freedom.[13] His views on philosophy of religion, including his rejection of miracles and the argument from design for God's existence, were especially controversial for their time. Hume influenced utilitarianism, logical positivism, the philosophy of science, early analytic philosophy, cognitive science, theology, and many other fields and thinkers. Immanuel Kant credited Hume as the inspiration who had awakened him from his "dogmatic slumbers".

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Digireads.com
• Seitenzahl: 102
• Erscheinungstermin: 24. August 2019
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 216mm x 140mm x 6mm
• Gewicht: 140g
• ISBN-13: 9781420963380
• ISBN-10: 1420963384
• Artikelnr.: 57623926