Amphibian-Microbe Interactions: An Ecological Perspective
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Amphibian-Microbe Interactions: An Ecological Perspective

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Amphibians are cold-blooded vertebrates with moist, permeable skin, typically hatching as aquatic larvae and transforming into terrestrial adults, often undergoing metamorphosis. Examples include frogs, toads, salamanders, and newts. Amphibians engage in intricate relationships with microbes, profoundly influencing their health and ecology. These interactions occur across various life stages, from tadpole development to adult immunity. Microbes inhabit amphibian skin, providing defense against pathogens, like the deadly chytrid fungus, and aiding in nutrient absorption. Moreover, amphibians ar...