Edward Allen, Waclaw Zalewski

Form and Forces (eBook, ePUB)

Designing Efficient, Expressive Structures

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

Here, in one volume, is all the architect needs to know to participate in the entire process of designing structures. Emphasizing bestselling author Edward Allen's graphical approach, the book enables you to quickly determine the desired form of a building or other structure and easily design it without the need for complex mathematics. This unique text teaches the whole process of structural design for architects, including selection of suitable materials, finding a suitable configuration, finding forces and size members, designing appropriate connections, and proposing a feasible method of erection. Chapters are centered on the design of a whole structure, from conception through construction planning.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 640
• Erscheinungstermin: 9. Januar 2012
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781118174258
• Artikelnr.: 37342287

Autorenporträt

EDWARD ALLEN has taught for more than thirty years at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Yale University, and the University of Oregon. He is the bestselling author of Fundamentals of Building Construction, Fifth Edition. WACLAW ZALEWSKI is Professor Emeritus of Structural Design at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Inhaltsangabe

Project Team and Contributors. Acknowledgments. Introduction. 1 Designing a
Series of Suspension Footbridges. Basic definitions of statics: Loads,
Forces, Tension, Compression, Stress. Free-body diagrams; Vectors and
scalars; Static equilibrium of concurrent forces. The force polygon and
funicular polygon for funicular structures; Bow's notation. Detailing steel
rod elements in tension and anchoring to rock. Lateral stability;
stiffening a tensile structure. Construction detailing and planning. 2
Designing a Suspended Roof. Designing and detailing a suspended roof.
Designing funicular curves with specified properties. Families of funicular
curves. Static equilibrium. Components of forces. Steel cable fastenings
and details. Lateral bracing. Regulating forces on masts and backstays. 3
Designing a Concrete Cylindrical Shell Roof. Shaping funicular arches and
vaults in compression. Form-finding: catenary, parabola, circle. Stiffening
compressive structures against buckling and unbalanced loadings. Detailing
and constructing a thin single-curvature shell. 4 Master Lesson: Designing
a Trussed Roof. Structural idea generation in three dimensions; The
creative process. Graphical truss analysis; Influence of truss form and
depth on member forces. Creative latitude in structural design and positive
interactions between architects and engineers. 5 Designing a Building on a
Vertical Site. Moments of forces. Equilibrium of nonconcurrent forces.
Graphical analysis of nonconcurrent forces. Detailing and construction of a
steel frame structure on a very difficult site. 6 Designing with Multipanel
Trusses. Various methods of analysis for multipanel trusses. Common truss
configurations and their uses. Developing and refining the form of complex
trusses based upon forces and connections. Detailing and construction of a
building with heavy timber trusses. 7 Designing a Fanlike Roof. Extending
graphical truss analysis to design fanlike structures both compressive and
tensile (cable-stayed). Finding good forms and member forces for
cable-stayed, fanlike, and treelike structures. Design and detailing issues
using steel tube construction. 8 Designing Unreinforced Masonry (John A.
Ochsendorf and Philippe Block). Understanding, designing, and detailing
traditional unreinforced masonry. Stability of masonry vaults with ties,
engaged and flying buttresses. Load tracing and kerns. Graphical analysis
of arches of predetermined shape. Design and formal vocabulary of funicular
masonry arches and vaults. 9 Master Lesson: Designing a Concrete Shell Roof
for a Grandstand. Equilibrium in three dimensions of a composite structure;
combining funicular vaults and trusses. Architectural and engineering
interactions in designing forms and construction processes. Working in SI
(metric) units. 10 Designing Efficient Trusses. Reversing the graphical
process to synthesize shapes of constant-force trusses and arches. Rapid
assessment of truss efficiency by comparing force polygons. Typical forms
of constant-force trusses. 11 Designing Restraints for Funicular
Structures. Tensile and compressive strategies of restraint to resist
change of shape. Effects of unbalanced loads on structures. 12 Designing
Shell and Membrane Structures (Michael H. Ramage). Form-finding techniques
applied to shell, tent, pneumatic, and membrane structures. Material
constraints and opportunities. Detailing lightweight structures. 13
Structural Materials. Granular materials. Solid materials. How materials
break. Transmission of forces in solid materials. Characteristics of a good
structural material. Common structural materials. Concepts of stress and
strain. Factors of safety. 14 Master Lesson: Designing with the Flow of
Forces. Trajectories of principal stresses. Strut-and-tie modeling; truss
modeling. Three patterns of force flow; applications of basic patterns to
any structural element. Use of graphical truss solutions to find forces in
truss models. 15 Designing a Bay of Framing. Configuring building frames in
three dimensions; laying out a framing plan. Understanding bays, decking,
joists, beams, girders, slabs, columns, and framing materials. Load tracing
for gravity and lateral loads. Bracing to resist lateral loads. Criteria
influencing design of bays in very tall buildings where lateral loads
predominate. Integration with vertical transportation, life safety and
egress planning, mechanical systems. 16 Bending Actions on Beams. Analysis
of external load patterns on structures; quantifying and simplifying
external loadings. Bending moments and vertical forces. V and M diagrams;
relationship to force polygons and funicular polygons. Graphical and
semigraphical constructions. 17 How Beams Resist Bending. Resistance
mechanisms of beams. Lattice pattern of flow of forces. Deflection
calculations. Development of mathematical expressions for bending stresses
and web stresses in rectangular beams. Designing bays of wood framing. 18
Bending Resistance in Beams of Any Shape. Properties of complex
cross-sectional shapes. Moment of inertia. Composite action. Designing bays
of steel framing. 19 Designing Columns, Frames, and Load-Bearing Walls.
Types of columns: short, intermediate, long; buckling and deflection.
Designing column restraints; designing optimum forms for columns.
Load-bearing walls. Portal frames, hinges. Architectural and historical
expressions of columns. 20 Designing a Sitecast Concrete Building.
Composite action of steel and concrete in concrete beams, slabs, and
columns. Selection and design criteria for reinforced concrete framing.
Opportunities and constraints for slab openings. Relationship of structural
system to program. Designing bays of reinforced concrete framing. 21 Master
Lesson: Designing in Precast Concrete. Multidisciplinary project design
teams. Medium-rise building planning and choice of framing systems.
Integration with life safety and egress planning. Integration with
mechanical and electrical services. Designing with precast concrete framing
elements. 22 Designing an Entrance Canopy. Designing a constant force beam.
Deriving a beam profile from the bending moment diagram. Assuring overall
stability of an unusual structure. Combined axial and bending stress in a
beam. Guidelines for shaping structures. Afterword: Engineers and
Architects. Index.