In the sprawling Northwest, from the upper Mississippi River valley to Puget Sound, no railroad shaped the landscape and society like the Great Northern Railway Company. This is the complete history of that enterprise, from 1856, when the first charter was granted, through the era of James J. Hill-known as the Empire Builder-to its maturation and eventual merger in 1970, when the eight-thousand-mile Great Northern was incorporated into the massive Burlington Northern. The Great Northern Railway highlights the changes brought on by economic, political, social, and technological advances,…mehr
In the sprawling Northwest, from the upper Mississippi River valley to Puget Sound, no railroad shaped the landscape and society like the Great Northern Railway Company. This is the complete history of that enterprise, from 1856, when the first charter was granted, through the era of James J. Hill-known as the Empire Builder-to its maturation and eventual merger in 1970, when the eight-thousand-mile Great Northern was incorporated into the massive Burlington Northern. The Great Northern Railway highlights the changes brought on by economic, political, social, and technological advances, including world wars, increased competition from other modes of transportation, and tighter government restrictions. The first part of the book (1856-1916) examines the railway's early strategies and philosophy, relations with employees, and vigorous campaigns to develop the service area. The second part of the history (1916-1970) offers an assessment of a dramatic period of transition for the railroad-international conflicts, the Great Depression, the rise of motor vehicles, increasing labor costs, and stronger unions. Illustrated with more than two hundred maps, period photographs, and drawings, the volume also includes appendixes listing the original track-laying history, track removals, ruling grades on main freight routes, and main line ruling grades from Minneapolis to Seattle. Ralph W. Hidy and Muriel E. Hidy were professors of business history at Harvard Business School. Roy V. Scott is professor of history at Mississippi State University. Don L. Hofsommer is professor of history at St. Cloud State University.
Ralph W. Hidy and Muriel E. Hidy were professors of business history at Harvard Business School. Roy V. Scott is professor of history at Mississippi State University. Don L. Hofsommer is professor of history at St. Cloud State University.
Inhaltsangabe
Contents Preface by Alfred D. Chandler, Jr. Acknowledgments Introduction List of Abbreviations PART I 1856 TO 1916 1 The First Ten Miles 2 Frustrated by Finance The Branch Line Comes First Main Line West Growing Pains Settlers for the Land Freight Traffic 4 Northern Pacific Interlude Completing the Main Line The St. Vincent Extension 5 Legislation and Litigation Conflict in Hard Times Laws and Lawsuits 6 The Associates Gain Control Negotiating a Bond Purchase Completing Rail Links Eliminating Potential Competition Tag Ends of a Long-Tailed Kite 7 The Manitoba Men and Organization Construction and Relations with Other Railroads Terminals in the Twin Cities Financial Management 8 Consolidations and Adjustments The Canadian Pacific Strengthening Credit Boston Investors 9 From Butte to Buffalo Systematizing Administration The Long March to Montana Eastward to Buffalo 10 Tensions in Finance A New Problem Dissension, 1887-1889 11 On to Puget Sound New Dress Engineering Challenges "Head of the Rake" Sterling Bonds of 1890 Building the Transcontinental 12 Creating an Empire Expansion in Minnesota Control of the Northern Pacific and the Burlington Jockeying for Position in the Northwest Continuing Skirmishes with the Canadian Pacific 13 Developing the Northwest Organization and Development Improving and Strengthening Agriculture 14 Men and Mallets Men and Organization First Years as a Transcontinental Fleshing Out Traffic Generation and the Ore Lands Motive Power, Rolling Stock, and Rates Contents Preface by Alfred D. Chandler, Jr. Acknowledgments Introduction List of Abbreviations PART I 1856 TO 1916 1 The First Ten Miles 2 Frustrated by Finance The Branch Line Comes First Main Line West Growing Pains Settlers for the Land Freight Traffic 4 Northern Pacific Interlude Completing the Main Line The St. Vincent Extension 5 Legislation and Litigation Conflict in Hard Times Laws and Lawsuits 6 The Associates Gain Control Negotiating a Bond Purchase Completing Rail Links Eliminating Potential Competition Tag Ends of a Long-Tailed Kite 7 The Manitoba Men and Organization Construction and Relations with Other Railroads Terminals in the Twin Cities Financial Management 8 Consolidations and Adjustments The Canadian Pacific Strengthening Credit Boston Investors 9 From Butte to Buffalo Systematizing Administration The Long March to Montana Eastward to Buffalo 10 Tensions in Finance A New Problem Dissension, 1887-1889 11 On to Puget Sound New Dress Engineering Challenges "Head of the Rake" Sterling Bonds of 1890 Building the Transcontinental 12 Creating an Empire Expansion in Minnesota Control of the Northern Pacific and the Burlington Jockeying for Position in the Northwest Continuing Skirmishes with the Canadian Pacific 13 Developing the Northwest Organization and Development Improving and Strengthening Agriculture 14 Men and Mallets Men and Organization First Years as a Transcontinental Fleshing Out Traffic Generation and the Ore Lands Motive Power, Rolling Stock, and Rates 15 Locals, Limiteds, and Liners Expansion and Improvements Of Things Nautical Advertising, Glacier Park, and Rocky Express, Mail, and Silk Pricing the Service 16 Corporate Structure and Finance Early Experience Consolidating Properties Finances of a Maturing Railroad 17 "Leading the Band" Basic Principles Union–Management Relations, 1883-1893 The ARU Strike and Its Aftermath Toward Parity with Competitors, 1900-1916 PART II 1916 TO 1970 23 An Attempted Merger Introduction 18 World War I and the USRA The Heritage The GN under Federal Control Return to Private Operation 19 Of Good News and Bad Preparing for Control Frustrations and Realities Fighting Recession Resuming Course—with a Difference 20 Polishing the Operation Upgrading Plant and Equipment Reducing Costs Conquering the Cascades Building Freight Traffic 21 Passenger Business and Change The St. Paul Union Depot Highway Competition Upgrading Transcontinental Travel Advertising and Promotion 24 Corporate Health Growth in Funded Debt Performance 25 The Tangled Ways ofFinance Setting the Course Financial Management Over the Hurdle Controlling Expense 22 Expansion and Development More Branch Lines Lure of California Frustrations in Colonizing Agricultural Diversification and Irrigation Northern Montana: Special Problems 26 Traffic and Profits in Adversity The Passenger Department Truck Competition Developmental Programs and Federal Stimulants Survival 27 The Pressures of War— Again Gavin's Preparations Mobilization Cooperation under Regulation Performance and Financial Policy 28 Labor-Management Relations in Depression and War 182 Cooperation in Hard Times War and Prosperity 29 Prosperity Under Stress Expectations and Realities Maximizing Efficiency The Operating and Financial Record 30 John Budd and a Changing Environment The New Team Railroads and Public Policy Gradual Changes 31 Labor Tensions and Personnel Policies Maneuvers and Crisis Work Rules and Compensation Personnel Policies 32 Economic Development Programs Promoting Agribusiness Stimulating Industrial Growth Encouraging the Mining Industry 33 SD45s and Univac III Motive Power and Rolling Stock Road and Yard Facilities Centralized Traffic Control, Communications, and Computers 34 "No Sacred Cows — or Goats" The Passenger Dilemma New Departures in Freight Traffic A New Marketing Structure Performance: A Mixed Record Notes Appendix A Original Track-laying Record Appendix B Track Removals Appendix C Great Northern Railway: Ruling Grades on Main Freight Routes Appendix D Northern Pacific: Main Line Ruling Grades Minneapolis — Seattle Bibliography and Notes on Sources Index 35 The Last Spike is Never Driven The Northern Lines—Again Continuing the Campaign Victory
Contents Preface by Alfred D. Chandler, Jr. Acknowledgments Introduction List of Abbreviations PART I 1856 TO 1916 1 The First Ten Miles 2 Frustrated by Finance The Branch Line Comes First Main Line West Growing Pains Settlers for the Land Freight Traffic 4 Northern Pacific Interlude Completing the Main Line The St. Vincent Extension 5 Legislation and Litigation Conflict in Hard Times Laws and Lawsuits 6 The Associates Gain Control Negotiating a Bond Purchase Completing Rail Links Eliminating Potential Competition Tag Ends of a Long-Tailed Kite 7 The Manitoba Men and Organization Construction and Relations with Other Railroads Terminals in the Twin Cities Financial Management 8 Consolidations and Adjustments The Canadian Pacific Strengthening Credit Boston Investors 9 From Butte to Buffalo Systematizing Administration The Long March to Montana Eastward to Buffalo 10 Tensions in Finance A New Problem Dissension, 1887-1889 11 On to Puget Sound New Dress Engineering Challenges "Head of the Rake" Sterling Bonds of 1890 Building the Transcontinental 12 Creating an Empire Expansion in Minnesota Control of the Northern Pacific and the Burlington Jockeying for Position in the Northwest Continuing Skirmishes with the Canadian Pacific 13 Developing the Northwest Organization and Development Improving and Strengthening Agriculture 14 Men and Mallets Men and Organization First Years as a Transcontinental Fleshing Out Traffic Generation and the Ore Lands Motive Power, Rolling Stock, and Rates Contents Preface by Alfred D. Chandler, Jr. Acknowledgments Introduction List of Abbreviations PART I 1856 TO 1916 1 The First Ten Miles 2 Frustrated by Finance The Branch Line Comes First Main Line West Growing Pains Settlers for the Land Freight Traffic 4 Northern Pacific Interlude Completing the Main Line The St. Vincent Extension 5 Legislation and Litigation Conflict in Hard Times Laws and Lawsuits 6 The Associates Gain Control Negotiating a Bond Purchase Completing Rail Links Eliminating Potential Competition Tag Ends of a Long-Tailed Kite 7 The Manitoba Men and Organization Construction and Relations with Other Railroads Terminals in the Twin Cities Financial Management 8 Consolidations and Adjustments The Canadian Pacific Strengthening Credit Boston Investors 9 From Butte to Buffalo Systematizing Administration The Long March to Montana Eastward to Buffalo 10 Tensions in Finance A New Problem Dissension, 1887-1889 11 On to Puget Sound New Dress Engineering Challenges "Head of the Rake" Sterling Bonds of 1890 Building the Transcontinental 12 Creating an Empire Expansion in Minnesota Control of the Northern Pacific and the Burlington Jockeying for Position in the Northwest Continuing Skirmishes with the Canadian Pacific 13 Developing the Northwest Organization and Development Improving and Strengthening Agriculture 14 Men and Mallets Men and Organization First Years as a Transcontinental Fleshing Out Traffic Generation and the Ore Lands Motive Power, Rolling Stock, and Rates 15 Locals, Limiteds, and Liners Expansion and Improvements Of Things Nautical Advertising, Glacier Park, and Rocky Express, Mail, and Silk Pricing the Service 16 Corporate Structure and Finance Early Experience Consolidating Properties Finances of a Maturing Railroad 17 "Leading the Band" Basic Principles Union–Management Relations, 1883-1893 The ARU Strike and Its Aftermath Toward Parity with Competitors, 1900-1916 PART II 1916 TO 1970 23 An Attempted Merger Introduction 18 World War I and the USRA The Heritage The GN under Federal Control Return to Private Operation 19 Of Good News and Bad Preparing for Control Frustrations and Realities Fighting Recession Resuming Course—with a Difference 20 Polishing the Operation Upgrading Plant and Equipment Reducing Costs Conquering the Cascades Building Freight Traffic 21 Passenger Business and Change The St. Paul Union Depot Highway Competition Upgrading Transcontinental Travel Advertising and Promotion 24 Corporate Health Growth in Funded Debt Performance 25 The Tangled Ways ofFinance Setting the Course Financial Management Over the Hurdle Controlling Expense 22 Expansion and Development More Branch Lines Lure of California Frustrations in Colonizing Agricultural Diversification and Irrigation Northern Montana: Special Problems 26 Traffic and Profits in Adversity The Passenger Department Truck Competition Developmental Programs and Federal Stimulants Survival 27 The Pressures of War— Again Gavin's Preparations Mobilization Cooperation under Regulation Performance and Financial Policy 28 Labor-Management Relations in Depression and War 182 Cooperation in Hard Times War and Prosperity 29 Prosperity Under Stress Expectations and Realities Maximizing Efficiency The Operating and Financial Record 30 John Budd and a Changing Environment The New Team Railroads and Public Policy Gradual Changes 31 Labor Tensions and Personnel Policies Maneuvers and Crisis Work Rules and Compensation Personnel Policies 32 Economic Development Programs Promoting Agribusiness Stimulating Industrial Growth Encouraging the Mining Industry 33 SD45s and Univac III Motive Power and Rolling Stock Road and Yard Facilities Centralized Traffic Control, Communications, and Computers 34 "No Sacred Cows — or Goats" The Passenger Dilemma New Departures in Freight Traffic A New Marketing Structure Performance: A Mixed Record Notes Appendix A Original Track-laying Record Appendix B Track Removals Appendix C Great Northern Railway: Ruling Grades on Main Freight Routes Appendix D Northern Pacific: Main Line Ruling Grades Minneapolis — Seattle Bibliography and Notes on Sources Index 35 The Last Spike is Never Driven The Northern Lines—Again Continuing the Campaign Victory
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