Self-Assembly and Nanotechnology Systems (eBook, PDF)
Design, Characterization, and Applications
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Self-Assembly and Nanotechnology Systems (eBook, PDF)
Design, Characterization, and Applications
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A fundamental resource for understanding and developing effective self-assembly and nanotechnology systems Systematically integrating self-assembly, nanoassembly, and nanofabrication into one easy-to-use source, Self-Assembly and Nanotechnology Systems effectively helps students, professors, and researchers comprehend and develop applicable techniques for use in the field. Through case studies, countless examples, clear questions, and general applications, this book provides experiment-oriented techniques for designing, applying, and characterizing self-assembly and nanotechnology systems.…mehr
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- Produktdetails
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
- Seitenzahl: 480
- Erscheinungstermin: 3. Oktober 2011
- Englisch
- ISBN-13: 9781118103678
- Artikelnr.: 37338923
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
- Seitenzahl: 480
- Erscheinungstermin: 3. Oktober 2011
- Englisch
- ISBN-13: 9781118103678
- Artikelnr.: 37338923
4 1.2. Identification of Building Units
6 1.2.1. What Is a Self-Assembly Building Unit?
6 1.2.2. Segmental Analysis
7 1.3. Implication of Building Unit Structures for Self-Assemblies
15 1.4. General Assembly Diagram
17 1.5. Collection of Building Units
23 1.5.1. Basic Building Units
23 1.5.2. Directionally Assembling Building Units
26 1.5.3. Asymmetrically Packing Building Units
28 1.5.4. Functional Building Units
28 1.6. Concluding Remarks
30 References
31 2 Nanotechnology Systems 33 2.1. Nanoassembly
35 2.2. Identification of Building Units
37 2.2.1. What Is a Nanoassembly Building Unit?
37 2.2.2. Fabrication Building Units
38 2.2.3. Reactive Building Units
40 2.3. Nanoelements
41 2.4. Implication of Building Unit Structures for Nanoassemblies
42 2.5. General Assembly Diagram
45 2.6. Self-Assembly, Nanoassembly, and Nanofabrication
51 2.7. Collection of Building Units
54 2.7.1. Ligand-Protected Nanoparticles
54 2.7.2. Functional Surfaces
56 2.7.3. Reactive Precursors
57 2.7.4. Substrates
57 2.7.5. Reducing Agents
58 2.8. Concluding Remarks
58 References
60 PART II DESIGN 61 3 Identification of Self-Assembly Capability 63 3.1. Assembly Issue
63 3.2. General Overview
64 3.3. Assembly Principles
65 3.3.1. Molecular Self-Assembly
65 3.3.2. Colloidal Self-Assembly
71 3.3.3. Directionally Assembling Systems
77 3.3.4. Self-Assembly at Surfaces
81 3.4. Collection of Primary Self-Assembled Aggregates
89 3.5. Summary
89 References
91 4 Identification of Multi-Step Self-Assemblies 93 4.1. Assembly Issue
93 4.2. General Overview
94 4.3. Assembly Principles
96 4.3.1. Molecular Self-Assembly of Surfactants
97 4.3.2. Colloidal Self-Assembly
102 4.4. Collection of Higher-Order Self-Assembled Aggregates
105 4.5. Collection of Self-Assembled Aggregates within Biological Systems
107 4.6. Summary
108 References
110 5 Control of the Structures of Self-Assembled Aggregates 111 5.1. Assembly Issue
111 5.2. General Overview
112 5.2.1. Primary Self-Assembled Aggregates
112 5.2.2. Higher-Order Self-Assembled Aggregates
113 5.3. Assembly Principles
115 5.3.1. Primary Self-Assembled Aggregates
115 5.3.2. Higher-Order Self-Assembled Aggregates
130 5.4. Collection of the Structures of Self-Assembled Aggregates
136 5.4.1. Primary Self-Assembled Aggregates
136 5.4.2. Higher-Order Self-Assembled Aggregates
137 5.5. Summary
139 References
140 6 Hierarchy and Chirality of Self-Assembled Aggregates 141 6.1. Assembly Issue
141 6.2. General Overview
142 6.3. Assembly Principles
143 6.3.1. Molecular Systems
145 6.3.2. Surface Systems
148 6.4. Collection of Hierarchy within Self-Assembled Aggregates
156 6.5. Collection of Chirality Expressed by Self-Assembled Aggregates
157 6.6. Summary
159 References
160 7 Assembly with Multiple Building Units 161 7.1. Assembly Issue
161 7.2. General Overview
163 7.3. Assembly Principles
164 7.3.1. Analysis of Building Units
164 7.3.2. Assembly of Nanoassembled Systems
168 7.3.3. General Assembly Trends
180 7.4. Collection of Nanoassembled Systems I
185 7.5. Collection of Nanoporous Solids
186 7.5.1. Synthetic Zeolites
187 7.5.2. Metal-Organic Frameworks
189 7.6. Summary
189 References
189 8 Directed and Forced Assemblies 191 8.1. Assembly Issue
191 8.2. General Overview
192 8.3. Assembly Principles
196 8.3.1. Analysis of Building Units
196 8.3.2. Assembly under External Forces
199 8.3.3. General Assembly Trends under External Forces
213 8.4. Techniques for Directed and Forced Assemblies
219 8.5. Surface-Induced Directed and Forced Assemblies
220 8.6. Collection of Nanoassembled Systems II
220 8.7. Summary
222 References
222 PART III APPLICATIONS 225 9 External Signal-Responsive Nanomaterials 227 9.1. Nanoissue
227 9.2. General Overview
228 9.3. Assembly Principles
231 9.3.1. External Signal-Responsive Molecular Assemblies
231 9.3.2. External Signal-Responsive Colloidal Assemblies
242 9.4. Collection of External Signal-Responsive Assembly Systems
250 9.5. From Assembly Systems to Nanomaterials
250 9.6. Collection of External Signal-Responsive Nanomaterials
253 9.7. Summary
254 References
255 10 Nanomaterials with Intrinsic Functionalities 257 10.1. Nanoissue
257 10.2. General Overview
258 10.3. Assembly Principles
261 10.3.1. Molecular Assembled Systems
263 10.3.2. Colloidal Assembled Systems
267 10.4. From Assembled Systems to Nanomaterials
270 10.5. Collection of Nanomaterials with Intrinsic Functionalities
270 10.6. Summary
272 References
272 11 Nanostructures: Designed to Perform 275 11.1. Nanoissue
275 11.2. General Overview
276 11.3. Assembly Principles
277 11.3.1. Analysis of Building Units
277 11.3.2. Nanostructure Assemblies
281 11.3.3. Nanopore-Based Nanostructures
283 11.3.4. Nanoparticle-Based Nanostructures
287 11.3.5. Nanofilm-Based Nanostructures
292 11.3.6. General Trends
297 11.4. Collection of Common Nanostructure Names
298 11.5. Collection of Nanostructures and Their Applications
298 11.6. Summary
301 References
303 12 Nanoproperties: Controlled to Express 305 12.1. Nanoissue
305 12.2. General Overview
306 12.3. Assembly Principles
307 12.3.1. Analysis of Building Units
307 12.3.2. Different Types of Nanoproperties
313 12.3.3. Assemblies to Obtain Nanoproperties
316 12.3.4. Individual Types of Nanoproperties
318 12.3.5. Collective Types of Nanoproperties
321 12.3.6. Cooperative Types of Nanoproperties
324 12.3.7. General Trends
327 12.4. Collection of Nanoproperties and Their Applications
328 12.5. Summary
329 References
331 13 Nanofabricated Systems: Combined to Function 333 13.1. Nanoissue
333 13.2. General Overview
334 13.3. Fabrication Principles
335 13.3.1. Analysis of Building Units
336 13.3.2. Nanofabrication
340 13.3.3. Bottom-Up Approach
342 13.3.4. Top-Down Approach
345 13.3.5. Bottom-Up
Top-Down Hybrid Approach
347 13.3.6. General Trends
350 13.4. Collection of Top-Down Techniques
352 13.5. Collection of Top-Down Bulk Materials and Functionalizing Agents
352 13.6. Collection of Nanofabricated Systems and Their Applications
353 13.7. Summary
353 References
356 14 Nanomechanical Movements: Combined to Operate 359 14.1. Nanoissue
359 14.2. General Overview
360 14.3. Fabrication Principles
361 14.3.1. Element Motions
361 14.3.2. Working Mechanisms
362 14.3.3. Analysis of Building Units
364 14.3.4. Periodic Push Motions
372 14.3.5. Periodic Pull Motions
374 14.3.6. Push-Pull Motion Cycles
375 14.3.7. Periodic Push Motions under Guide Motion
378 14.3.8. Periodic Pull Motions under Guide Motion
380 14.3.9. Push-Pull Motion Cycles under Guide Motion
383 14.3.10. General Trends
385 14.4. Collection of Nanomechanical Movements
386 14.5. Summary
390 References
390 PART IV CHARACTERIZATION 393 15 Assembly Forces and Measurements 395 15.1. Intermolecular and Colloidal Forces
395 15.2. Collection of Intermolecular and Colloidal Forces
396 15.3. Measurements of Intermolecular and Colloidal Forces
396 15.3.1. Atomic Force Microscopy
396 15.3.2. Surface Forces Apparatus
398 15.4. Collection of Measurement Techniques
399 15.5. Implications of Building Unit Structures for Characterization
399 References
402 16 Assembly Processes and Critical Behaviors 405 16.1. Critical Behaviors as the Characterization Guide of Assembly Processes
405 16.2. Characterization Principles
407 16.2.1. Self-Assembly Capability
407 16.2.2. Multi-Step Self-Assemblies
410 16.3. Collection of Physical Properties to Measure
413 16.4. Collection of Critical Assembly Parameters
414 References
414 17 Assembled Systems and Structural Properties 417 17.1. Structural Properties for the Characterization of Assembled Systems
417 17.2. Characterization Principles
419 17.2.1. Structures of Primary Assembled Systems
419 17.2.2. Structures of Higher-Order Assembled Systems
422 17.2.3. Hierarchy and Chirality
422 17.2.4. Effect of External Forces
425 17.2.5. Functional Assembled Systems
426 17.3. Collection of Structural Properties to Measure
427 References
427 18 Modeling and Simulations 429 18.1. Assembly Systems Are Big and Multi-Scaled
429 18.2. Classic Models
430 18.2.1. Thermodynamic Models
430 18.2.2. Colloidal Model
430 18.2.3. Geometrical Model
431 18.2.4. Elastic Model
431 18.2.5. Isotherms
431 18.3. Simulations
431 18.3.1. Electronic Simulations
432 18.3.2. Atomistic Simulations
433 18.3.3. Coarse-Grained Simulations
433 18.3.4. Continuum Simulations
436 18.3.5. Multi-Scale Simulations
436 18.4. Concluding Remarks
437 References
437 EPILOGUE Informatics for Self-Assembly and Nanotechnology Systems 441 E.1. Background
441 E.2. Definition and Principle
443 E.3. Structure
444 E.4. Development and Benefits
445 E.5. Challenges
446 References
446 INDEX 449
4 1.2. Identification of Building Units
6 1.2.1. What Is a Self-Assembly Building Unit?
6 1.2.2. Segmental Analysis
7 1.3. Implication of Building Unit Structures for Self-Assemblies
15 1.4. General Assembly Diagram
17 1.5. Collection of Building Units
23 1.5.1. Basic Building Units
23 1.5.2. Directionally Assembling Building Units
26 1.5.3. Asymmetrically Packing Building Units
28 1.5.4. Functional Building Units
28 1.6. Concluding Remarks
30 References
31 2 Nanotechnology Systems 33 2.1. Nanoassembly
35 2.2. Identification of Building Units
37 2.2.1. What Is a Nanoassembly Building Unit?
37 2.2.2. Fabrication Building Units
38 2.2.3. Reactive Building Units
40 2.3. Nanoelements
41 2.4. Implication of Building Unit Structures for Nanoassemblies
42 2.5. General Assembly Diagram
45 2.6. Self-Assembly, Nanoassembly, and Nanofabrication
51 2.7. Collection of Building Units
54 2.7.1. Ligand-Protected Nanoparticles
54 2.7.2. Functional Surfaces
56 2.7.3. Reactive Precursors
57 2.7.4. Substrates
57 2.7.5. Reducing Agents
58 2.8. Concluding Remarks
58 References
60 PART II DESIGN 61 3 Identification of Self-Assembly Capability 63 3.1. Assembly Issue
63 3.2. General Overview
64 3.3. Assembly Principles
65 3.3.1. Molecular Self-Assembly
65 3.3.2. Colloidal Self-Assembly
71 3.3.3. Directionally Assembling Systems
77 3.3.4. Self-Assembly at Surfaces
81 3.4. Collection of Primary Self-Assembled Aggregates
89 3.5. Summary
89 References
91 4 Identification of Multi-Step Self-Assemblies 93 4.1. Assembly Issue
93 4.2. General Overview
94 4.3. Assembly Principles
96 4.3.1. Molecular Self-Assembly of Surfactants
97 4.3.2. Colloidal Self-Assembly
102 4.4. Collection of Higher-Order Self-Assembled Aggregates
105 4.5. Collection of Self-Assembled Aggregates within Biological Systems
107 4.6. Summary
108 References
110 5 Control of the Structures of Self-Assembled Aggregates 111 5.1. Assembly Issue
111 5.2. General Overview
112 5.2.1. Primary Self-Assembled Aggregates
112 5.2.2. Higher-Order Self-Assembled Aggregates
113 5.3. Assembly Principles
115 5.3.1. Primary Self-Assembled Aggregates
115 5.3.2. Higher-Order Self-Assembled Aggregates
130 5.4. Collection of the Structures of Self-Assembled Aggregates
136 5.4.1. Primary Self-Assembled Aggregates
136 5.4.2. Higher-Order Self-Assembled Aggregates
137 5.5. Summary
139 References
140 6 Hierarchy and Chirality of Self-Assembled Aggregates 141 6.1. Assembly Issue
141 6.2. General Overview
142 6.3. Assembly Principles
143 6.3.1. Molecular Systems
145 6.3.2. Surface Systems
148 6.4. Collection of Hierarchy within Self-Assembled Aggregates
156 6.5. Collection of Chirality Expressed by Self-Assembled Aggregates
157 6.6. Summary
159 References
160 7 Assembly with Multiple Building Units 161 7.1. Assembly Issue
161 7.2. General Overview
163 7.3. Assembly Principles
164 7.3.1. Analysis of Building Units
164 7.3.2. Assembly of Nanoassembled Systems
168 7.3.3. General Assembly Trends
180 7.4. Collection of Nanoassembled Systems I
185 7.5. Collection of Nanoporous Solids
186 7.5.1. Synthetic Zeolites
187 7.5.2. Metal-Organic Frameworks
189 7.6. Summary
189 References
189 8 Directed and Forced Assemblies 191 8.1. Assembly Issue
191 8.2. General Overview
192 8.3. Assembly Principles
196 8.3.1. Analysis of Building Units
196 8.3.2. Assembly under External Forces
199 8.3.3. General Assembly Trends under External Forces
213 8.4. Techniques for Directed and Forced Assemblies
219 8.5. Surface-Induced Directed and Forced Assemblies
220 8.6. Collection of Nanoassembled Systems II
220 8.7. Summary
222 References
222 PART III APPLICATIONS 225 9 External Signal-Responsive Nanomaterials 227 9.1. Nanoissue
227 9.2. General Overview
228 9.3. Assembly Principles
231 9.3.1. External Signal-Responsive Molecular Assemblies
231 9.3.2. External Signal-Responsive Colloidal Assemblies
242 9.4. Collection of External Signal-Responsive Assembly Systems
250 9.5. From Assembly Systems to Nanomaterials
250 9.6. Collection of External Signal-Responsive Nanomaterials
253 9.7. Summary
254 References
255 10 Nanomaterials with Intrinsic Functionalities 257 10.1. Nanoissue
257 10.2. General Overview
258 10.3. Assembly Principles
261 10.3.1. Molecular Assembled Systems
263 10.3.2. Colloidal Assembled Systems
267 10.4. From Assembled Systems to Nanomaterials
270 10.5. Collection of Nanomaterials with Intrinsic Functionalities
270 10.6. Summary
272 References
272 11 Nanostructures: Designed to Perform 275 11.1. Nanoissue
275 11.2. General Overview
276 11.3. Assembly Principles
277 11.3.1. Analysis of Building Units
277 11.3.2. Nanostructure Assemblies
281 11.3.3. Nanopore-Based Nanostructures
283 11.3.4. Nanoparticle-Based Nanostructures
287 11.3.5. Nanofilm-Based Nanostructures
292 11.3.6. General Trends
297 11.4. Collection of Common Nanostructure Names
298 11.5. Collection of Nanostructures and Their Applications
298 11.6. Summary
301 References
303 12 Nanoproperties: Controlled to Express 305 12.1. Nanoissue
305 12.2. General Overview
306 12.3. Assembly Principles
307 12.3.1. Analysis of Building Units
307 12.3.2. Different Types of Nanoproperties
313 12.3.3. Assemblies to Obtain Nanoproperties
316 12.3.4. Individual Types of Nanoproperties
318 12.3.5. Collective Types of Nanoproperties
321 12.3.6. Cooperative Types of Nanoproperties
324 12.3.7. General Trends
327 12.4. Collection of Nanoproperties and Their Applications
328 12.5. Summary
329 References
331 13 Nanofabricated Systems: Combined to Function 333 13.1. Nanoissue
333 13.2. General Overview
334 13.3. Fabrication Principles
335 13.3.1. Analysis of Building Units
336 13.3.2. Nanofabrication
340 13.3.3. Bottom-Up Approach
342 13.3.4. Top-Down Approach
345 13.3.5. Bottom-Up
Top-Down Hybrid Approach
347 13.3.6. General Trends
350 13.4. Collection of Top-Down Techniques
352 13.5. Collection of Top-Down Bulk Materials and Functionalizing Agents
352 13.6. Collection of Nanofabricated Systems and Their Applications
353 13.7. Summary
353 References
356 14 Nanomechanical Movements: Combined to Operate 359 14.1. Nanoissue
359 14.2. General Overview
360 14.3. Fabrication Principles
361 14.3.1. Element Motions
361 14.3.2. Working Mechanisms
362 14.3.3. Analysis of Building Units
364 14.3.4. Periodic Push Motions
372 14.3.5. Periodic Pull Motions
374 14.3.6. Push-Pull Motion Cycles
375 14.3.7. Periodic Push Motions under Guide Motion
378 14.3.8. Periodic Pull Motions under Guide Motion
380 14.3.9. Push-Pull Motion Cycles under Guide Motion
383 14.3.10. General Trends
385 14.4. Collection of Nanomechanical Movements
386 14.5. Summary
390 References
390 PART IV CHARACTERIZATION 393 15 Assembly Forces and Measurements 395 15.1. Intermolecular and Colloidal Forces
395 15.2. Collection of Intermolecular and Colloidal Forces
396 15.3. Measurements of Intermolecular and Colloidal Forces
396 15.3.1. Atomic Force Microscopy
396 15.3.2. Surface Forces Apparatus
398 15.4. Collection of Measurement Techniques
399 15.5. Implications of Building Unit Structures for Characterization
399 References
402 16 Assembly Processes and Critical Behaviors 405 16.1. Critical Behaviors as the Characterization Guide of Assembly Processes
405 16.2. Characterization Principles
407 16.2.1. Self-Assembly Capability
407 16.2.2. Multi-Step Self-Assemblies
410 16.3. Collection of Physical Properties to Measure
413 16.4. Collection of Critical Assembly Parameters
414 References
414 17 Assembled Systems and Structural Properties 417 17.1. Structural Properties for the Characterization of Assembled Systems
417 17.2. Characterization Principles
419 17.2.1. Structures of Primary Assembled Systems
419 17.2.2. Structures of Higher-Order Assembled Systems
422 17.2.3. Hierarchy and Chirality
422 17.2.4. Effect of External Forces
425 17.2.5. Functional Assembled Systems
426 17.3. Collection of Structural Properties to Measure
427 References
427 18 Modeling and Simulations 429 18.1. Assembly Systems Are Big and Multi-Scaled
429 18.2. Classic Models
430 18.2.1. Thermodynamic Models
430 18.2.2. Colloidal Model
430 18.2.3. Geometrical Model
431 18.2.4. Elastic Model
431 18.2.5. Isotherms
431 18.3. Simulations
431 18.3.1. Electronic Simulations
432 18.3.2. Atomistic Simulations
433 18.3.3. Coarse-Grained Simulations
433 18.3.4. Continuum Simulations
436 18.3.5. Multi-Scale Simulations
436 18.4. Concluding Remarks
437 References
437 EPILOGUE Informatics for Self-Assembly and Nanotechnology Systems 441 E.1. Background
441 E.2. Definition and Principle
443 E.3. Structure
444 E.4. Development and Benefits
445 E.5. Challenges
446 References
446 INDEX 449