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Covering a broad range of polymer science topics, Handbook of Polymer Synthesis, Characterization, and Processing provides polymer industry professionals and researchers in polymer science and technology with a single, comprehensive handbook summarizing all aspects involved in the polymer production chain. The handbook focuses on industrially important polymers, analytical techniques, and formulation methods, with chapters covering step-growth, radical, and co-polymerization, crosslinking and grafting, reaction engineering, advanced technology applications, including conjugated, dendritic, and…mehr
Covering a broad range of polymer science topics, Handbook of Polymer Synthesis, Characterization, and Processing provides polymer industry professionals and researchers in polymer science and technology with a single, comprehensive handbook summarizing all aspects involved in the polymer production chain. The handbook focuses on industrially important polymers, analytical techniques, and formulation methods, with chapters covering step-growth, radical, and co-polymerization, crosslinking and grafting, reaction engineering, advanced technology applications, including conjugated, dendritic, and nanomaterial polymers and emulsions, and characterization methods, including spectroscopy, light scattering, and microscopy.
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ENRIQUE SALDÍVAR-GUERRA is Senior Scientist and Head of the Polymerization Processes Department at the Center for Research on Applied Chemistry in Mexico. Formerly the president of the Mexican Polymer Society, he holds five patents and serves as a reviewer for the Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, and Macromolecular Theory and Simulations, among others. EDUARDO VIVALDO-LIMA is Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering of the Faculty of Chemistry at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, and External Academic Member of the Institute for Polymer Research of the University of Waterloo in Canada. A former president of the Mexican Polymer Society, Dr. Vivaldo-Lima is a reviewer for quite a number of journals, including Polymer Engineering & Science, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Macromolecular Theory and Simulations, and Macromolecular Reaction Engineering.
Inhaltsangabe
PREFACE xv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xvii CONTRIBUTORS xix PART I BASIC CONCEPTS 1 1 Introduction to Polymers and Polymer Types 3 Enrique Sald ?var-Guerra and Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima References 13 2 Polymer States and Properties 15 J. Betzabe Gonz alez-Campos, Gabriel Luna-B arcenas, Diana G. Z arate-Trivi~no, Arturo Mendoza-Galv an, Evgen Prokhorov, Francisco Villase~nor-Ortega, and Isaac C. Sanchez References 38 PART II POLYMER SYNTHESIS AND MODIFICATION 41 3 Step-Growth Polymerization 43 Luis E. Elizalde, Gladys de los Santos-Villarreal, Jos e L. Santiago-Garc ?a, and Manuel Aguilar-Vega References 62 4 Free Radical Polymerization 65 Ramiro Guerrero-Santos, Enrique Sald ?var-Guerra, and Jos e Bonilla-Cruz References 81 5 Coordination Polymerization 85 Jo~ao B. P. Soares and Odilia P erez References 101 6 Copolymerization 105 Marc A. Dub e, Enrique Sald ?var-Guerra, and Iv an Zapata-Gonz alez References 121 7 Anionic Polymerization 127 Roderic Quirk References 157 8 Cationic Polymerizations 163 Filip E. Du Prez, Eric J. Goethals, and Richard Hoogenboom Acknowledgment 181 References 181 9 Crosslinking 187 Julio C esar Hern andez-Ortiz and Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima Appendix A Calculation of Average Chain Length 200 Appendix B Calculation of Sol and Gel Fractions 201 Acknowledgments 202 References 202 10 Polymer Modification: Functionalization and Grafting 205 Jos e Bonilla-Cruz, Mariamne Dehonor, Enrique Sald ?var-Guerra, and Alfonso Gonz alez-Montiel References 219 11 Polymer Additives 225 Rudolf Pfaendner References 245 Further Reading 246 PART III POLYMERIZATION PROCESSES AND ENGINEERING 249 12 Polymer Reaction Engineering 251 Alexander Penlidis, Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima, Julio C esar Hern andez-Ortiz, and Enrique Sald ?var-Guerra Acknowledgments 270 References 270 13 Bulk and Solution Processes 273 Marco A. Villalobos and Jon Debling References 292 14 Dispersed-Phase Polymerization Processes 295 Jorge Herrera-Ord o~nez, Enrique Sald ?var-Guerra, and Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima References 310 15 New Polymerization Processes 317 Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima, Carlos Guerrero-S anchez, Christian H. Hornung, Irä?s A. Quintero-Ortega, and Gabriel Luna-B arcenas Acknowledgments 331 References 331 PART IV POLYMER CHARACTERIZATION 335 16 Polymer Spectroscopy and Compositional Analysis 337 Gladys de los Santos-Villarreal and Luis E. Elizalde References 353 17 Polymer Molecular Weight Measurement 355 Mar ?a Guadalupe Neira-Vel azquez, Mar ?a Teresa Rodr ?guez-Hern andez, Ernesto Hern andez-Hern andez, and Antelmo R. Y. Ruiz-Mart ?nez References 365 18 Light Scattering and its Applications in Polymer Characterization 367 Roberto Alexander-Katz References 387 19 Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering of Polymer Systems 391 Carlos A. Avila-Orta and Francisco J. Medell ?n-Rodr ?guez Appendix A Procedure to Obtain Morphological Data from 1D SAXS Profiles 404 References 406 20 Microscopy 409 Mariamne Dehonor, Carlos L opez-Barr on, and Christopher W. Macosko References 421 21 Structure and Mechanical Properties of Polymers 425 Manuel Aguilar-Vega References 434 PART V POLYMER PROCESSING 435 22 Polymer Rheology 437 Estanislao Ort ?z-Rodr ?guez References 448 23 Principles of Polymer Processing 451 Luis F. Ramos-de Valle References 461 Further Reading 461 24 Blown Films and Ribbons Extrusion 463 Jorge R. Robledo-Ort ?z, Daniel E. Ram ?rez-Arreola, Denis Rodrigue, and Rub en Gonz alez-N u~nez References 472 25 Polymer Solutions and Processing 473 D amaso Navarro Rodr ?guez References 488 26 Wood and Natural Fiber-Based Composites (NFCs) 493 Jorge R. Robledo-Ort ?z, Francisco J. Fuentes-Talavera, Rub en Gonz alez-N u~nez, and Jos e A. Silva-Guzm an References 501 27 Polymer Blends 505 Säul S anchez-Valdes, Luis F. Ramos-de Valle, and Octavio Manero References 517 28 Thermosetting Polymers 519 Jean-Pierre Pascault and Roberto J.J. Williams References 532 PART VI POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES 535 29 Conducting Polymers 537 Mar ?a Judith Percino and V ?ctor Manuel Chapela References 555 30 Dendritic Polymers 559 Jason Dockendorff and Mario Gauthier References 582 31 Polymer Nanocomposites 585 Octavio Manero and Antonio Sanchez-Solis Acknowledgments 601 References 601 INDEX 605
PREFACE xv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xvii CONTRIBUTORS xix PART I BASIC CONCEPTS 1 1 Introduction to Polymers and Polymer Types 3 Enrique Sald ?var-Guerra and Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima References 13 2 Polymer States and Properties 15 J. Betzabe Gonz alez-Campos, Gabriel Luna-B arcenas, Diana G. Z arate-Trivi~no, Arturo Mendoza-Galv an, Evgen Prokhorov, Francisco Villase~nor-Ortega, and Isaac C. Sanchez References 38 PART II POLYMER SYNTHESIS AND MODIFICATION 41 3 Step-Growth Polymerization 43 Luis E. Elizalde, Gladys de los Santos-Villarreal, Jos e L. Santiago-Garc ?a, and Manuel Aguilar-Vega References 62 4 Free Radical Polymerization 65 Ramiro Guerrero-Santos, Enrique Sald ?var-Guerra, and Jos e Bonilla-Cruz References 81 5 Coordination Polymerization 85 Jo~ao B. P. Soares and Odilia P erez References 101 6 Copolymerization 105 Marc A. Dub e, Enrique Sald ?var-Guerra, and Iv an Zapata-Gonz alez References 121 7 Anionic Polymerization 127 Roderic Quirk References 157 8 Cationic Polymerizations 163 Filip E. Du Prez, Eric J. Goethals, and Richard Hoogenboom Acknowledgment 181 References 181 9 Crosslinking 187 Julio C esar Hern andez-Ortiz and Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima Appendix A Calculation of Average Chain Length 200 Appendix B Calculation of Sol and Gel Fractions 201 Acknowledgments 202 References 202 10 Polymer Modification: Functionalization and Grafting 205 Jos e Bonilla-Cruz, Mariamne Dehonor, Enrique Sald ?var-Guerra, and Alfonso Gonz alez-Montiel References 219 11 Polymer Additives 225 Rudolf Pfaendner References 245 Further Reading 246 PART III POLYMERIZATION PROCESSES AND ENGINEERING 249 12 Polymer Reaction Engineering 251 Alexander Penlidis, Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima, Julio C esar Hern andez-Ortiz, and Enrique Sald ?var-Guerra Acknowledgments 270 References 270 13 Bulk and Solution Processes 273 Marco A. Villalobos and Jon Debling References 292 14 Dispersed-Phase Polymerization Processes 295 Jorge Herrera-Ord o~nez, Enrique Sald ?var-Guerra, and Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima References 310 15 New Polymerization Processes 317 Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima, Carlos Guerrero-S anchez, Christian H. Hornung, Irä?s A. Quintero-Ortega, and Gabriel Luna-B arcenas Acknowledgments 331 References 331 PART IV POLYMER CHARACTERIZATION 335 16 Polymer Spectroscopy and Compositional Analysis 337 Gladys de los Santos-Villarreal and Luis E. Elizalde References 353 17 Polymer Molecular Weight Measurement 355 Mar ?a Guadalupe Neira-Vel azquez, Mar ?a Teresa Rodr ?guez-Hern andez, Ernesto Hern andez-Hern andez, and Antelmo R. Y. Ruiz-Mart ?nez References 365 18 Light Scattering and its Applications in Polymer Characterization 367 Roberto Alexander-Katz References 387 19 Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering of Polymer Systems 391 Carlos A. Avila-Orta and Francisco J. Medell ?n-Rodr ?guez Appendix A Procedure to Obtain Morphological Data from 1D SAXS Profiles 404 References 406 20 Microscopy 409 Mariamne Dehonor, Carlos L opez-Barr on, and Christopher W. Macosko References 421 21 Structure and Mechanical Properties of Polymers 425 Manuel Aguilar-Vega References 434 PART V POLYMER PROCESSING 435 22 Polymer Rheology 437 Estanislao Ort ?z-Rodr ?guez References 448 23 Principles of Polymer Processing 451 Luis F. Ramos-de Valle References 461 Further Reading 461 24 Blown Films and Ribbons Extrusion 463 Jorge R. Robledo-Ort ?z, Daniel E. Ram ?rez-Arreola, Denis Rodrigue, and Rub en Gonz alez-N u~nez References 472 25 Polymer Solutions and Processing 473 D amaso Navarro Rodr ?guez References 488 26 Wood and Natural Fiber-Based Composites (NFCs) 493 Jorge R. Robledo-Ort ?z, Francisco J. Fuentes-Talavera, Rub en Gonz alez-N u~nez, and Jos e A. Silva-Guzm an References 501 27 Polymer Blends 505 Säul S anchez-Valdes, Luis F. Ramos-de Valle, and Octavio Manero References 517 28 Thermosetting Polymers 519 Jean-Pierre Pascault and Roberto J.J. Williams References 532 PART VI POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES 535 29 Conducting Polymers 537 Mar ?a Judith Percino and V ?ctor Manuel Chapela References 555 30 Dendritic Polymers 559 Jason Dockendorff and Mario Gauthier References 582 31 Polymer Nanocomposites 585 Octavio Manero and Antonio Sanchez-Solis Acknowledgments 601 References 601 INDEX 605
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