Liang-Shih Fan

Chemical Looping Systems for Fossil Energy Conversions (eBook, PDF)

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

This book presents the current carbonaceous fuel conversion technologies based on chemical looping concepts in the context of traditional or conventional technologies. The key features of the chemical looping processes, their ability to generate a sequestration-ready CO2 stream, are thoroughly discussed. Chapter 2 is devoted entirely to the performance of particles in chemical looping technology and covers the subjects of solid particle design, synthesis, properties, and reactive characteristics. The looping processes can be applied for combustion and/or gasification of carbon-based material such as coal, natural gas, petroleum coke, and biomass directly or indirectly for steam, syngas, hydrogen, chemicals, electricity, and liquid fuels production. Details of the energy conversion efficiency and the economics of these looping processes for combustion and gasification applications in contrast to those of the conventional processes are given in Chapters 3, 4, and 5.Finally, Chapter 6 presents additional chemical looping applications that are potentially beneficial, including those for H2 storage and onboard H2 production, CO2 capture in combustion flue gas, power generation using fuel cell, steam-methane reforming, tar sand digestion, and chemicals and liquid fuel production. A CD is appended to this book that contains the chemical looping simulation files and the simulation results based on the ASPEN Plus software for such reactors as gasifier, reducer, oxidizer and combustor, and for such processes as conventional gasification processes, Syngas Chemical Looping Process, Calcium Looping Process, and Carbonation-Calcination Reaction (CCR) Process. Note: CD-ROM/DVD and other supplementary materials are not included as part of eBook file.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 440
• Erscheinungstermin: 23. August 2010
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9780470872871
• Artikelnr.: 37299908

Autorenporträt

Liang-Shih Fan is Distinguished University Professor and C. John Easton Professor in Engineering in the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at the Ohio State University. He is the U.S. Editor of Powder Technology and has served as a consulting editor of ten other journals and book series, including the AIChE Journal, the I&EC Research, and the International Journal of Multiphase Flow. He has authored or coauthored four books, 330 journal articles, and twenty five patents, and has received a number of awards in recognition of his research and teaching, including ACS's E. V. Murphree Award in Industrial and Engineering Chemistry and AIChE's Alpha Chi Sigma Award for Chemical Engineering Research. He is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering, an Academician of the Academia Sinica, and a foreign member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Background. 1.1.1 Renewable Energy. 1.1.2
Fossil Energy Outlook. 1.2 Coal Combustion. 1.2.1 Energy Conversion
Efficiency Improvement. 1.2.2 Flue Gas Pollutant Control Methods. 1.3 CO2
Capture. 1.4 CO2 Sequestration. 1.5 Coal Gasification. 1.6 Chemical Looping
Concepts. 1.7 Chemical Looping Processes. 1.8 Overview of This Book.
References. 2 Chemical Looping Particles. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Type I
Chemical Looping System. 2.2.1 General Particle Characteristics. 2.2.2
Thermodynamics and Phase Equilibrium of Metals and Metal Oxides. 2.2.3
Particle Regeneration with Steam. 2.2.4 Reaction with Oxygen and Heat of
Reaction. 2.2.5 Particle Design Considering Heat of Reaction. 2.2.6
Particle Preparation and Recyclability. 2.2.7 Particle Formulation and
Effect of Support. 2.2.8 Effect of Particle Size and Mechanical Strength.
2.2.9 Carbon and Sulfur Formation Resistance. 2.2.10 Particle Reaction
Mechanism. 2.2.11 Effect of Reactor Design and Gas-Solid Contact Modes.7
2.2.12 Selection of Primary Metal for Chemical Looping Combustion of Coal.
2.3 Type II Chemical Looping System. 2.3.1 Types of Metal Oxide. 2.3.2
Thermodynamics and Phase Equilibrium of Metal Oxide and Metal Carbonate.
2.3.3 Reaction Characteristics of Ca-Based Sorbents for CO2 Capture. 2.3.4
Synthesis of the High-Reactivity PCC-CaO Sorbent. 2.3.5 Reactivity of
Calcium Sorbents. 2.3.6 Recyclability of Calcium Oxides. 2.4 Concluding
Remarks. References. 3 Chemical Looping Combustion. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2
CO2 Capture Strategies for Fossil Fuel Combustion Power Plants. 3.2.1
Pulverized Coal Combustion Power Plants. 3.2.2 CO2 Capture Strategies. 3.3
Chemical Looping Combustion. 3.3.1 Particle Reactive Properties and Their
Relationship with CLC Operation. 3.3.2 Key Design and Operational
Parameters for a CFB-Based CLC System. 3.3.3 CLC Reactor System Design.
3.3.4 Gaseous Fuel CLC Systems and Operational Results. 3.3.5 Solid Fuel
CLC Systems and Operational Results. 3.4 Concluding Remarks. References. 4
Chemical Looping Gasification Using Gaseous Fuels. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2
Traditional Coal Gasification Processes. 4.2.1 Electricity
Production--Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC). 4.2.2 H2
Production. 4.2.3 Liquid Fuel Production. 4.3 Iron-Based Chemical Looping
Processes Using Gaseous Fuels. 4.3.1 Lane Process and Messerschmitt
Process. 4.3.2 U.S. Bureau of Mines Pressurized Fluidized Bed Steam-Iron
Process. 4.3.3 Institute of Gas Technology Process. 4.3.4 Syngas Chemical
Looping (SCL) Process. 4.4 Design, Analysis and Optimization of the Syngas
Chemical Looping (SCL) Process. 4.4.1 Thermodynamic Analyses of SCL Reactor
Behavior. 4.4.2 ASPEN PLUS Simulation of SCL Reactor Systems. 4.4.3 Syngas
Chemical Looping (SCL) Process Testing. 4.5 Process Simulation of the
Traditional Gasification Process and the Syngas Chemical Looping Process.
4.5.1 Common Assumptions and Model Setup. 4.5.2 Description of Various
Systems. 4.5.3 ASPEN PLUS Simulation, Results, and Analyses. 4.6 Example of
SCL Applications--A Coal-to-Liquid Confi guration. 4.6.1 Process Overview.
4.6.2 Mass/Energy Balance and Process Evaluation. 4.7 Calcium Looping
Process Using Gaseous Fuels. 4.7.1 Description of the Processes. 4.7.2
Reaction Characteristics of the Processes. 4.7.3 Analyses of the Processes.
4.7.4 Enhanced Coal-to-Liquid (CTL) Process with Sulfur and CO2 Capture.
4.8 Concluding Remarks. References. 5 Chemical Looping Gasification Using
Solid Fuels. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Chemical Looping Gasification Processes
Using Calcium-Based Sorbent. 5.2.1 CO2 Acceptor Process. 5.2.2 HyPr-Ring
Process. 5.2.3 Zero Emission Coal Alliance Process. 5.2.4 ALSTOM Hybrid
Combustion-Gasification Process. 5.2.5 Fuel-Flexible Advanced
Gasification-Combustion Process. 5.2.6 General Comments. 5.3 Coal-Direct
Chemical Looping (CDCL) Processes Using Iron-Based Oxygen Carriers. 5.3.1
Coal-Direct Chemical Looping Process--Configuration I. 5.3.2 Coal-Direct
Chemical Looping Process--Configuration II. 5.3.3 Comments on the
Iron-Based Coal-Direct Chemical Looping Process. 5.4 Challenges to the
Coal-Direct Chemical Looping Processes and Strategy for Improvements. 5.4.1
Oxygen-Carrier Particle Reactivity and Char Reaction Enhancement. 5.4.2
Configurations and Conversions of the Reducer. 5.4.3 Performance of the
Oxidizer and the Combustor. 5.4.4 Fate of Pollutants and Ash. 5.4.5 Energy
Management, Heat Integration, and General Comments. 5.5 Process Simulation
on the Coal-Direct Chemical Looping Process. 5.5.1 ASPEN Model Setup. 5.5.2
Simulation Results. 5.6 Concluding Remarks. References. 6 Novel
Applications of Chemical Looping Technologies. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2
Hydrogen Storage and Onboard Hydrogen Production. 6.2.1 Compressed Hydrogen
Gas and Liquefi ed Hydrogen. 6.2.2 Metal Hydrides. 6.2.3 Bridged
Metal-Organic Frameworks. 6.2.4 Carbon Nanotubes and Graphite Nanofibers.
6.2.5 Onboard Hydrogen Production via Iron Based Materials. 6.3
Carbonation-Calcination Reaction (CCR) Process for Carbon Dioxide Capture.
6.4 Chemical Looping Gasification Integrated with Fuel Cells. 6.4.1
Chemical Looping Gasification Integrated with Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells. 6.4.2
Direct Solid Fuel Cells. 6.5 Enhanced Steam Methane Reforming. 6.6 Tar Sand
Digestion via Steam Generation. 6.7 Liquid Fuel Production from Chemical
Looping Gasification. 6.8 Chemical Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling (CLOU).
6.9 Concluding Remarks. References. Subject Index. Author Index.