Gary Grant

Ecosystem Services Come To Town (eBook, ePUB)

Greening Cities by Working with Nature

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

The need to find new approaches to the development of cities is becoming increasingly urgent in this age of continuing population growth, demographic transition, climate change, fossil fuel peak and biodiversity losses. Restoring ecosystem services and promoting biodiversity is essential to sustainable development - even in the built environment. Ecosystem Services come to Town: greening cities by working with nature demonstrates how to make urban environments greener. It starts by explaining how, by mimicking nature and deliberately creating habitats to provide ecosystem services, cities can become more efficient and more pleasant to live in. The history of cities and city planning is covered with the impacts of industrial urban development described, as well as the contemporary concerns of biodiversity loss, peak oil and climate change. The later sections offer solutions to the challenges of sustainable urban development by describing and explaining a whole range of approaches and interventions, beginning at the regional scale with strategic green infrastructure, looking at districts and precincts, with trees, parks and rain gardens and ending with single buildings, including with green roofs and living walls. Technical enough to be valuable to practitioners but still readable and inspirational, this guide demonstrates to town planners, urban designers, architects, engineers, landscape architects how to make cities more liveable.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 240
• Erscheinungstermin: 16. Juli 2012
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781118387887
• Artikelnr.: 37359900

Autorenporträt

Gary Grant is a Chartered Environmentalist, Member of the Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management, an Academician at the Academy of Urbanism, Member of the All Party Parliamentary Committee on Biodiversity, thesis supervisor at the Bartlett Faculty of the Built Environment, University College London, Chair of the Judges of the Integrated Habitats Design Competition and Director of the Green Roof Consultancy Ltd. As director of EDAW and then AECOM Design + Planning and now independent, he has worked on large scale planning projects including the London 2012 Olympic Park, the Bedford Valley River Park, the Whitehill-Bordon Eco Town, Education City, Qatar and Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi.

Inhaltsangabe

About the Author xi Acknowledgement xiii 1. Introduction 1 Modern Cities
and the Disconnected 1 Population Spike 2 Limits to Growth 3 Global Threats
3 Ecosystem Services and Stewardship 4 Greening Cities is Necessary 5 Hope
5 2. Origins of Cities 7 Why Look Back? 7 Emergence of the Human Species 7
Great Leap Forward 8 Agriculture and Permanent Settlements 8 Agriculture
Around the World 10 Agriculture Intensifies 11 Empires Rise and Fall in
Mesopotamia 12 Nile Valley 12 Indus Valley 13 Ancient China 13 Ancient
Greece 14 On the Ganges 15 Rome 16 The Moche 16 Mesoamerica 17 Fortified
Centres of Administration 17 European Renaissance 18 Early Modern 19
Squalor 21 3. Modern Cities 23 Origins of the Modern City 23 Industrial
Revolution 23 Railways 24 Rapid Growth 25 Ill Health 26 Distinctive New
Districts Emerge 27 Paris Re-born 28 Railways and Suburbs 29 Planning and
Zoning 29 Garden Cities 29 Motor Vehicles Herald in the Oil Age 31 A Humane
Outlook 32 Going Up 33 Continued Rise of the Motor Vehicle 33 Decline of
the Inner City 34 New Towns 35 City Plans 36 An Unfinished Task 37 4.
Issues Facing Contemporary Cities 39 Impacts of Cities and City Living 39
Habitat Loss 40 Habitat Fragmentation 41 Impacts on Soil 41 The Water Cycle
42 Water-borne Pollution 44 Urban Heat Islands 44 Air Pollution 45 Noise 46
Light Pollution 47 Agricultural Land Take 47 Concrete 48 Steel 48 Glass 49
Timber 49 Waste 49 Drivers of Population Growth 50 Peak Oil 52 Peak
Phosphorus 52 Post Oil 53 5. Working with Nature 55 Ecology and Ecosystems
55 Born Free 56 Saving the Great Lakes 56 Earth Summit, Ecosystem
Assessment and Ecosystem Services 58 Cities as Part of the Biosphere 59
Ecological Restoration 59 Urban Wildlife 60 Green Infrastructure 60
Sustainable Sites Initiative 61 Advice from Professional Bodies and Others
61 Mimic Nature 62 Working with Nature Works 63 6. Urban Nature 65 Open
Space Preservation 65 The Naturalists 66 Nature Leaves the City? 66 Urban
Nature Returns 68 Wildlife Gardens 69 Encapsulated Countryside 70 Bukit
Timah 71 The Urban Forest 72 Urban Wastelands 73 Canvey Wick 74 Emscher
Park 75 Urban Farming 76 Biodiversity Action Plans 77 River Corridors 78
London's South Bank 79 Minneapolis Riverfront 79 7. Water and Cities 81
Fresh Clean Water - Essential and Increasingly Scarce 81 Civilisation has
Modified the Water Cycle 82 Water Consumption 82 Embodied Carbon 82 Virtual
Water 83 Catchment Management 84 Rainwater Harvesting 84 Grey Water 85
Sustainable Urban Drainage 85 Water Sensitive Urban Design 86 Rain Gardens
86 The Streets are Changing 86 Ponds 88 Potsdamer Platz 89 River
Restoration 89 The Cheonggyecheon River 90 Singapore 91 Water and Urban
Heat Islands 93 Towards the Water Sensitive City 93 8. City-wide Greening
95 Bioregions 95 Catchment Management for Clean Water 96 Catchment
Management for Ecosystem Services 97 Regional Green Infrastructure Plans 99
Biomass and the Bioregion 99 Regional Ecological Networks 100 Community
Forests 101 Green Belts 101 Green Grids 103 Transport 103 Urban Heat
Islands 105 Blue Networks 105 Masterplanning 107 Regional Plans, Local
Implementation 107 9. Greening Neighbourhoods and Buildings 111 Sense of
Neighbourhood 111 Living Streets 112 Standardising the Neighbourhood 113
Design Your Own Park 113 A Phoenix Rises 114 Growing Their Own 115 Learning
from Squatter Settlements 116 Rain Gardens 117 They Paved Paradise 118
Clapton Park Estate 118 People of the Trees 119 Tree Pits 120 Tree Trenches
121 No Space? 122 Energy Efficient Buildings 123 Water Efficiency 123
Autonomy 123 Building-integrated Vegetation 124 A Coat for Buildings 124
Value of Shade 125 Living Walls 126 Cooling Effect of Green Roofs 128 Green
Roofs, Rainwater Attenuation and Cooling 129 Green Roofs Need the Right
Substrate 130 Green Roofs for Biodiversity 130 London's Black Redstart
Roofs 131 Biodiverse Green Roofs in North America 132 Roof Gardens for
People 133 Worldwide Applications 133 Wildlife and Buildings 134 Rooftop
Harvests 136 10. Conclusion 137 Interesting Times 137 The Positives 138
Cities and Citizens Take the Initiative 138 Greening Requires Greenery 140
Appendices I: award winning projects from IHDC website 141 II: useful
resources 177 Notes and References 197 Index 209