The English edition is based upon the second edition of the German version of the book. The author would like to thank Mr. A.H. Armstrong for providing the basic English manuscript of the text, his critical reading, and valuable comments. Thanks are also due to Mrs. A. Demmer, Mr. J. Matern, Mrs. B. Titze and Mrs. S. Pfetsch for preparing the camera ready manuscript and the figures. Springer Verlag has generously supported the project and cooperating with them has been a great pleasure. Ulm, April 1992 K.J. Ebeling Preface to the First German Edition This book is a comprehensive introduction…mehr
The English edition is based upon the second edition of the German version of the book. The author would like to thank Mr. A.H. Armstrong for providing the basic English manuscript of the text, his critical reading, and valuable comments. Thanks are also due to Mrs. A. Demmer, Mr. J. Matern, Mrs. B. Titze and Mrs. S. Pfetsch for preparing the camera ready manuscript and the figures. Springer Verlag has generously supported the project and cooperating with them has been a great pleasure. Ulm, April 1992 K.J. Ebeling Preface to the First German Edition This book is a comprehensive introduction to waveguide optics and photonics in semiconductor crystals. Interest is centered on integrated optoelectronic devices for the transmission and processing of optical signals. These optical communi cations engineering devices are becoming increasingly important for optical disk storage systems, for optical chip-chip interconnections and of course for optical fiber transmission and exchange.
The subject of the book is to provide a basic understanding of the divices used in optoelectronic integrated circuits and optical signal processing such as waveguides, couplers, switches, modulators, lase diodes, and photodetectors.
Inhaltsangabe
1 Semiconductor Crystals.- 1.1 Crystal Lattices.- 1.2 Diamond and Zincblende Structure.- 1.3 Energy Bands.- 1.4 Mixed Compound Semiconductors.- Problems.- 2 Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves.- 2.1 Maxwell's Equations.- 2.2 Wave Equation and Energy Flux.- 2.3 Plane Waves and Boundary Conditions.- 2.4 Reflection of Plane Waves.- 2.5 Absorption in AlGaAs and InGaAsP.- 2.6 Refractive Index in AlGaAs and InGaAsP.- Problems.- 3 Planar Waveguides.- 3.1 Wave Guiding.- 3.2 Field Distributions.- 3.3 Interface Deformations.- 3.4 Graded Index Films.- Problems.- 4 Strip Waveguides.- 4.1 Rectangular Waveguides.- 4.2 Wave Guiding by Raised Profiles.- 4.3 Theory of General Dielectric Waveguides.- 4.4 Modes.- 4.5 Transitions.- Problems.- 5 Coupling of Modes.- 5.1 Treatment of Coupled Modes.- 5.2 Theory of Mode Coupling.- 5.3 Mode Coupling in Anisotropic Media.- Problems.- 6 Directional Couplers.- 6.1 Principle of Operation.- 6.2 Electrooptic Control.- 6.3 Supermodes.- Problems.- 7 Electrons in Semiconductors.- 7.1 Fundamentals of Quantum Theory.- 7.2 The Band Structure of Semiconductors.- 7.3 Motion of Free Charge Carriers.- 7.4 Densities of States.- 7.5 Occupation Probabilities.- 7.6 Systems with Constrained Particle Motion.- Problems.- 8 Emission and Absorption.- 8.1 Transition Rates.- 8.2 Quantum Mechanics of Radiative Transitions.- 8.3 Direct Band-Band Transitions.- 8.4 Influence of Impurities.- Problems.- 9 Heterojunctions.- 9.1 Energy Band Diagram.- 9.2 Abrupt Junction in Equilibrium.- 9.3 Current Flow Across the pn-Heterojunction.- 9.4 Double Heterostructures.- Problems.- 10 Laser Diodes.- 10.1 Modes and Rate Equations.- 10.2 Steady State Behavior.- 10.3 Laser Structures.- 10.4 Emission Spectrum.- 10.5 Modulation.- 10.6 Noise in Single-Mode Laser Diodes.- 10.7 Specific Laser Diodes.- Problems.- 11 Photodetectors.- 11.1 Fundamentals.- 11.2 Photodiodes.- 11.3 Avalanche Photodiodes.- 11.4 Photodetectors with Multilayer Structure.- 11.5 Photoconductors.- Problems.- 12 Optoelectronic Modulators.- 12.1 Electrically Controlled Modulators.- 12.2 Optically Controlled Modulators.- 12.3 Field Induced Modulation in Quantum Wells.- Problems.- 13 Optoelectronic Integration.- 13.1 Laser-Transistor Integration.- 13.2 Detector-Transistor Integration.- 13.3 Other Forms of Integration.- Problems.- Appendices.- A. Physical Constants.- B. Data on Some Indirect Semiconductors.- C. Data on Some Direct Semiconductors.- References.- List of Important Symbols.
1 Semiconductor Crystals.- 1.1 Crystal Lattices.- 1.2 Diamond and Zincblende Structure.- 1.3 Energy Bands.- 1.4 Mixed Compound Semiconductors.- Problems.- 2 Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves.- 2.1 Maxwell's Equations.- 2.2 Wave Equation and Energy Flux.- 2.3 Plane Waves and Boundary Conditions.- 2.4 Reflection of Plane Waves.- 2.5 Absorption in AlGaAs and InGaAsP.- 2.6 Refractive Index in AlGaAs and InGaAsP.- Problems.- 3 Planar Waveguides.- 3.1 Wave Guiding.- 3.2 Field Distributions.- 3.3 Interface Deformations.- 3.4 Graded Index Films.- Problems.- 4 Strip Waveguides.- 4.1 Rectangular Waveguides.- 4.2 Wave Guiding by Raised Profiles.- 4.3 Theory of General Dielectric Waveguides.- 4.4 Modes.- 4.5 Transitions.- Problems.- 5 Coupling of Modes.- 5.1 Treatment of Coupled Modes.- 5.2 Theory of Mode Coupling.- 5.3 Mode Coupling in Anisotropic Media.- Problems.- 6 Directional Couplers.- 6.1 Principle of Operation.- 6.2 Electrooptic Control.- 6.3 Supermodes.- Problems.- 7 Electrons in Semiconductors.- 7.1 Fundamentals of Quantum Theory.- 7.2 The Band Structure of Semiconductors.- 7.3 Motion of Free Charge Carriers.- 7.4 Densities of States.- 7.5 Occupation Probabilities.- 7.6 Systems with Constrained Particle Motion.- Problems.- 8 Emission and Absorption.- 8.1 Transition Rates.- 8.2 Quantum Mechanics of Radiative Transitions.- 8.3 Direct Band-Band Transitions.- 8.4 Influence of Impurities.- Problems.- 9 Heterojunctions.- 9.1 Energy Band Diagram.- 9.2 Abrupt Junction in Equilibrium.- 9.3 Current Flow Across the pn-Heterojunction.- 9.4 Double Heterostructures.- Problems.- 10 Laser Diodes.- 10.1 Modes and Rate Equations.- 10.2 Steady State Behavior.- 10.3 Laser Structures.- 10.4 Emission Spectrum.- 10.5 Modulation.- 10.6 Noise in Single-Mode Laser Diodes.- 10.7 Specific Laser Diodes.- Problems.- 11 Photodetectors.- 11.1 Fundamentals.- 11.2 Photodiodes.- 11.3 Avalanche Photodiodes.- 11.4 Photodetectors with Multilayer Structure.- 11.5 Photoconductors.- Problems.- 12 Optoelectronic Modulators.- 12.1 Electrically Controlled Modulators.- 12.2 Optically Controlled Modulators.- 12.3 Field Induced Modulation in Quantum Wells.- Problems.- 13 Optoelectronic Integration.- 13.1 Laser-Transistor Integration.- 13.2 Detector-Transistor Integration.- 13.3 Other Forms of Integration.- Problems.- Appendices.- A. Physical Constants.- B. Data on Some Indirect Semiconductors.- C. Data on Some Direct Semiconductors.- References.- List of Important Symbols.
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