Devi Chadha

Optical WDM Networks (eBook, ePUB)

From Static to Elastic Networks

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

Provides a comprehensive and updated account of WDM optical network systems Optical networking has advanced considerably since 2010. A host of new technologies and applications has brought a significant change in optical networks, migrating it towards an all-optical network. This book places great emphasis on the network concepts, technology, and methodologies that will stand the test of time and also help in understanding and developing advanced optical network systems. The first part of Optical WDM Networks: From Static to Elastic Networks provides a qualitative foundation for what follows--presenting an overview of optical networking, the different network architectures, basic concepts, and a high-level view of the different network structures considered in subsequent chapters. It offers a survey of enabling technologies and the hardware devices in the physical layer, followed by a more detailed picture of the network in the remaining chapters. The next sections give an in-depth study of the three basic network structures: the static broadcast networks, wavelength routed networks, and the electronic/optical logically routed networks, covering the characteristics of the optical networks in the access, metropolitan area, and long-haul reach. It discusses the networking picture; network control and management, impairment management and survivability. The last section of the book covers the upcoming technologies of flex-grid and software defined optical networking. * Provides concise, updated, and comprehensive coverage of WDM optical networks * Features numerous examples and exercise problems for the student to practice * Covers, in detail, important topics, such as, access, local area, metropolitan, wide area all-optical and elastic networks * Includes protocols, design, and analysis along with the control and management of the networks * Offers exclusive chapters on advance topics to cover the present and future technological trends, such as, software defined optical networking and the flexible grid optical networks Optical WDM Networks: From Static to Elastic Networks is an excellent book for under and post graduate students in electrical/communication engineering. It will also be very useful to practicing professionals in communications, networking, and optical systems.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 392
• Erscheinungstermin: 8. Mai 2019
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119393344
• Artikelnr.: 56886776

Autorenporträt

DEVI CHADHA, PHD, is Professor Emeritus at IIT, Delhi in India. She has over 40 years of teaching and research experience in the areas of electromagnetics, microwaves, optical fiber communication, optical wireless communications, and photonics and switching networks. In addition, Professor Chadha is a Senior Member of IEEE, a Member of OSA, and a Fellow of IE (India).

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xiii

Acknowledgments xvii

1 Introduction to Optical Networks 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.1.1 Trends in Optical Networking 2

1.1.2 Classification of Optical Networks 3

1.2 Optical Networks: A Brief Picture 7

1.2.1 Multiplexing in Optical Networks 8

1.2.2 Services Supported by Optical Networks 9

1.2.3 WDM Optical Network Architectures 10

1.2.3.1 Broadcast-and-Select Networks 10

1.2.3.2 Wavelength Routed Networks 11

1.2.3.3 Linear Lightwave Networks 13

1.2.4 Services Types 13

1.2.5 Types of Traffic 14

1.2.6 Switching Granularities 14

1.2.6.1 Optical Circuit Switching 15

1.2.6.2 Packet Switching for Bursty Traffic 15

1.3 Optical Network Layered Architecture 16

1.3.1 Layers and Sub-layers 19

1.4 Organization of the Book 23

1.5 Summary 24

Problems 24

References 25

2 Network Elements 27

2.1 Introduction 27

2.2 Optical Fiber 29

2.2.1 Loss and Bandwidth Windows 30

2.2.2 Linear and Nonlinear Effects 32

2.3 Laser Transmitters 33

2.3.1 Laser Characteristics 34

2.3.2 Tunable Lasers 34

2.3.3 Modulation Techniques 35

2.4 Optical Receivers 36

2.5 Optical Amplifiers 37

2.5.1 Types of Optical Amplifiers 38

2.5.1.1 Semiconductor Optical Amplifier 38

2.5.1.2 Fiber Amplifiers 39

2.6 Optical Network Components 40

2.6.1 Passive Coupler Devices 40

2.6.1.1 Coupler Parameters 41

2.6.1.2 Scattering Matrix Formulation of the 2 × 2 Coupler 42

2.6.2 Switching Elements 44

2.6.2.1 Directive Switches 46

2.6.2.2 Gate Switches 46

2.6.2.3 Micro-Electro Mechanical Switches 47

2.6.2.4 Liquid Crystal Optical Switch 48

2.6.3 N × N Star Coupler 49

2.6.4 Gratings 52

2.6.4.1 Fiber Bragg Gratings 53

2.6.4.2 Arrayed Waveguide Grating 54

2.6.5 Optical Filters 55

2.6.5.1 Fabry-Perot Filter 56

2.6.5.2 Multi-Layer Dielectric Thin-Film Filter 58

2.6.5.3 Acousto-Optic Filter 58

2.7 Optical Multiplexer and De-Multiplexer 58

2.7.1 Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) Multiplexer 59

2.8 Routers 62

2.8.1 Static Wavelength Router 62

2.8.2 Reconfigurable Wavelength Router 62

2.8.3 Optical Packet Routing Switches 64

2.9 Optical Switching Fabrics 64

2.9.1 Classification of Switching Fabrics 65

2.9.1.1 Permutation Switching Fabric 65

2.9.1.2 Generalized Switching Fabric 65

2.9.1.3 Linear Divider and Combiner Switching Fabric 65

2.9.2 Classification According to Blocking Characteristics 66

2.9.3 Types of Space Switching Fabrics 67

2.9.3.1 Cross-Bar Switching Fabric 67

2.9.3.2 Clos Switch Fabric 69

2.9.3.3 Spanke Switch Fabric 70

2.9.3.4 Benes Switch Fabric 71

2.9.3.5 Spanke-Benes Switch Fabric 72

2.10 Wavelength Converter 72

2.10.1 Opto-Electronic Wavelength Converters 73

2.10.2 All-Optical Wavelength Converters 74

2.10.2.1 Transparent All-Optical Wavelength Converters 74

2.10.2.2 Opaque All-Optical Wavelength Converter 74

2.11 Optical Network Functional Blocks 76

2.11.1 Network Access Terminal 76

2.11.2 Optical Network Node 78

2.11.2.1 Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers 79

2.11.2.2 Optical Cross-Connect 82

2.12 Summary 85
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