Control of Power Inverters in Renewable Energy and Smart Grid Integration (eBook, PDF)
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Control of Power Inverters in Renewable Energy and Smart Grid Integration (eBook, PDF)
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Integrating renewable energy and other distributed energy sources into smart grids, often via power inverters, is arguably the largest "new frontier" for smart grid advancements. Inverters should be controlled properly so that their integration does not jeopardize the stability and performance of power systems and a solid technical backbone is formed to facilitate other functions and services of smart grids. This unique reference offers systematic treatment of important control problems in power inverters, and different general converter theories. Starting at a basic level, it presents…mehr
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Dieser Download kann aus rechtlichen Gründen nur mit Rechnungsadresse in A, B, BG, CY, CZ, D, DK, EW, E, FIN, F, GR, HR, H, IRL, I, LT, L, LR, M, NL, PL, P, R, S, SLO, SK ausgeliefert werden.
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
- Seitenzahl: 440
- Erscheinungstermin: 16. November 2012
- Englisch
- ISBN-13: 9781118481783
- Artikelnr.: 37347408
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
- Seitenzahl: 440
- Erscheinungstermin: 16. November 2012
- Englisch
- ISBN-13: 9781118481783
- Artikelnr.: 37347408
Abbreviations xxiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Outline of the Book 1 1.2 Basics
of Power Processing 4 1.3 Hardware Issues 24 1.4 Wind Power Systems 44 1.5
Solar Power Systems 53 1.6 Smart Grid Integration 55 2 Preliminaries 63 2.1
Power Quality Issues 63 2.2 Repetitive Control 67 2.3 Reference Frames 71
PART I POWER QUALITY CONTROL 3 Current H infinity Repetitive Control 81 3.1
System Description 81 3.2 Controller Design 82 3.3 Design Example 87 3.4
Experimental Results 88 3.5 Summary 91 4 Voltage and Current H infinity
Repetitive Control 93 4.1 System Description 93 4.2 Modelling of an
Inverter 94 4.3 Controller Design 96 4.4 Design Example 100 4.5 Simulation
Results 102 4.6 Summary 107 5 Voltage H infinity Repetitive Control with a
Frequency-adaptive Mechanism 109 5.1 System Description 109 5.2 Controller
Design 110 5.3 Design Example 116 5.4 Experimental Results 117 5.5 Summary
126 6 Cascaded Current-Voltage H infinity Repetitive Control 127 6.1
Operation Modes in Microgrids 127 6.2 Control Scheme 129 6.3 Design of the
Voltage Controller 131 6.4 Design of the Current Controller 133 6.5 Design
Example 134 6.6 Experimental Results 136 6.7 Summary 147 7 Control of
Inverter Output Impedance 149 7.1 Inverters with Inductive Output
Impedances (L-inverters) 149 7.2 Inverters with Resistive Output Impedances
(R-inverters) 150 7.3 Inverters with Capacitive Output Impedances
(C-inverters) 152 7.4 Design of C-inverters to Improve the Voltage THD 153
7.5 Simulation Results for R-, L- and C-inverters 157 7.6 Experimental
Results for R-, L- and C-inverters 159 7.7 Impact of the Filter Capacitor
162 7.8 Summary 163 8 Bypassing Harmonic Current Components 165 8.1
Controller Design 165 8.2 Physical Interpretation of the Controller 167 8.3
Stability Analysis 169 8.4 Experimental Results 171 8.5 Summary 172 9 Power
Quality Issues in Traction Power Systems 173 9.1 Introduction 173 9.2
Description of the Topology 175 9.3 Compensation of Negative-sequence
Currents, Reactive Power and Harmonic Currents 175 9.4 Special Case: cos
theta = 1 180 9.5 Simulation Results 181 9.6 Summary 184 PART II NEUTRAL
LINE PROVISION 10 Topology of a Neutral Leg 187 10.1 Introduction 187 10.2
Split DC Link 188 10.3 Conventional Neutral Leg 189 10.4
Independently-controlled Neutral Leg 190 10.5 Summary 191 11 Classical
Control of a Neutral Leg 193 11.1 Mathematical Modelling 193 11.2
Controller Design 195 11.3 Performance Evaluation 199 11.4 Selection of the
Components 201 11.5 Simulation Results 202 11.6 Summary 205 12 H infinity
Voltage-Current Control of a Neutral Leg 207 12.1 Mathematical Modelling
207 12.2 Controller Design 210 12.3 Selection of Weighting Functions 214
12.4 Design Example 215 12.5 Simulation Results 216 12.6 Summary 217 13
Parallel PI Voltage-H infinity Current Control of a Neutral Leg 219 13.1
Description of the Neutral Leg 219 13.2 Design of an 13.3 Addition of a
Voltage Control Loop 226 13.4 Experimental Results 226 13.5 Summary 230 14
Applications in Single-phase to Three-phase Conversion 233 14.1
Introduction 233 14.2 The Topology under Consideration 236 14.3 Basic
Analysis 237 14.4 Controller Design 239 14.5 Simulation Results 244 14.6
Summary 248 PART III POWER FLOW CONTROL 15 Current Proportional-Integral
Control 251 15.1 Control Structure 251 15.2 Controller Implementation 254
15.3 Experimental Results 254 15.4 Summary 258 16 Current
Proportional-Resonant Control 259 16.1 Proportional-resonant Controller 259
16.2 Control Structure 260 16.3 Controller Design 261 16.4 Experimental
Results 263 16.5 Summary 268 17 Current Deadbeat Predictive Control 269
17.1 Control Structure 269 17.2 Controller Design 269 17.3 Experimental
Results 271 17.4 Summary 275 18 Synchronverters: Grid-friendly Inverters
that Mimic Synchronous Generators 277 18.1 Mathematical Model of
Synchronous Generators 278 18.2 Implementation of a Synchronverter 282 18.3
Operation of a Synchronverter 284 18.4 Simulation Results 287 18.5
Experimental Results 290 18.6 Summary 296 19 Parallel Operation of
Inverters 297 19.1 Introduction 297 19.2 Problem Description 299 19.3 Power
Delivered to a Voltage Source 300 19.4 Conventional Droop Control 301 19.5
Inherent Limitations of Conventional Droop Control 304 19.6 Robust Droop
Control of R-inverters 309 19.7 Robust Droop Control of C-inverters 319
19.8 Robust Droop Control of L-inverters 326 19.9 Summary 330 20 Robust
Droop Control with Improved Voltage Quality 335 20.1 Control Strategy 335
20.2 Experimental Results 337 20.3 Summary 346 21 Harmonic Droop Controller
to Improve Voltage Quality 347 21.1 Model of an Inverter System 347 21.2
Power Delivered to a Current Source 349 21.3 Reduction of Harmonics in the
Output Voltage 351 21.4 Simulation Results 353 21.5 Experimental Results
355 21.6 Summary 358 PART IV SYNCHRONISATION 22 Conventional
Synchronisation Techniques 361 22.1 Introduction 361 22.2 Zero-crossing
Method 362 22.3 Basic Phase-locked Loops (PLL) 363 22.4 PLL in the
Synchronously Rotating Reference Frame (SRF-PLL) 364 22.5 Second-order
Generalised Integrator-based PLL (SOGI-PLL) 366 22.6 Sinusoidal Tracking
Algorithm (STA) 368 22.7 Simulation Results with SOGI-PLL and STA 369 22.8
Experimental Results with SOGI-PLL and STA 372 22.9 Summary 378 23
Sinusoid-locked Loops 379 23.1 Single-phase Synchronous Machine (SSM)
Connected to the Grid 379 23.2 Structure of a Sinusoid-locked Loop (SLL)
380 23.3 Tracking of the Frequency and the Phase 382 23.4 Tracking of the
Voltage Amplitude 382 23.5 Tuning of the Parameters 382 23.6 Equivalent
Structure 383 23.7 Simulation Results 384 23.8 Experimental Results 386
23.9 Summary 390 References 393 Index 407
Abbreviations xxiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Outline of the Book 1 1.2 Basics
of Power Processing 4 1.3 Hardware Issues 24 1.4 Wind Power Systems 44 1.5
Solar Power Systems 53 1.6 Smart Grid Integration 55 2 Preliminaries 63 2.1
Power Quality Issues 63 2.2 Repetitive Control 67 2.3 Reference Frames 71
PART I POWER QUALITY CONTROL 3 Current H infinity Repetitive Control 81 3.1
System Description 81 3.2 Controller Design 82 3.3 Design Example 87 3.4
Experimental Results 88 3.5 Summary 91 4 Voltage and Current H infinity
Repetitive Control 93 4.1 System Description 93 4.2 Modelling of an
Inverter 94 4.3 Controller Design 96 4.4 Design Example 100 4.5 Simulation
Results 102 4.6 Summary 107 5 Voltage H infinity Repetitive Control with a
Frequency-adaptive Mechanism 109 5.1 System Description 109 5.2 Controller
Design 110 5.3 Design Example 116 5.4 Experimental Results 117 5.5 Summary
126 6 Cascaded Current-Voltage H infinity Repetitive Control 127 6.1
Operation Modes in Microgrids 127 6.2 Control Scheme 129 6.3 Design of the
Voltage Controller 131 6.4 Design of the Current Controller 133 6.5 Design
Example 134 6.6 Experimental Results 136 6.7 Summary 147 7 Control of
Inverter Output Impedance 149 7.1 Inverters with Inductive Output
Impedances (L-inverters) 149 7.2 Inverters with Resistive Output Impedances
(R-inverters) 150 7.3 Inverters with Capacitive Output Impedances
(C-inverters) 152 7.4 Design of C-inverters to Improve the Voltage THD 153
7.5 Simulation Results for R-, L- and C-inverters 157 7.6 Experimental
Results for R-, L- and C-inverters 159 7.7 Impact of the Filter Capacitor
162 7.8 Summary 163 8 Bypassing Harmonic Current Components 165 8.1
Controller Design 165 8.2 Physical Interpretation of the Controller 167 8.3
Stability Analysis 169 8.4 Experimental Results 171 8.5 Summary 172 9 Power
Quality Issues in Traction Power Systems 173 9.1 Introduction 173 9.2
Description of the Topology 175 9.3 Compensation of Negative-sequence
Currents, Reactive Power and Harmonic Currents 175 9.4 Special Case: cos
theta = 1 180 9.5 Simulation Results 181 9.6 Summary 184 PART II NEUTRAL
LINE PROVISION 10 Topology of a Neutral Leg 187 10.1 Introduction 187 10.2
Split DC Link 188 10.3 Conventional Neutral Leg 189 10.4
Independently-controlled Neutral Leg 190 10.5 Summary 191 11 Classical
Control of a Neutral Leg 193 11.1 Mathematical Modelling 193 11.2
Controller Design 195 11.3 Performance Evaluation 199 11.4 Selection of the
Components 201 11.5 Simulation Results 202 11.6 Summary 205 12 H infinity
Voltage-Current Control of a Neutral Leg 207 12.1 Mathematical Modelling
207 12.2 Controller Design 210 12.3 Selection of Weighting Functions 214
12.4 Design Example 215 12.5 Simulation Results 216 12.6 Summary 217 13
Parallel PI Voltage-H infinity Current Control of a Neutral Leg 219 13.1
Description of the Neutral Leg 219 13.2 Design of an 13.3 Addition of a
Voltage Control Loop 226 13.4 Experimental Results 226 13.5 Summary 230 14
Applications in Single-phase to Three-phase Conversion 233 14.1
Introduction 233 14.2 The Topology under Consideration 236 14.3 Basic
Analysis 237 14.4 Controller Design 239 14.5 Simulation Results 244 14.6
Summary 248 PART III POWER FLOW CONTROL 15 Current Proportional-Integral
Control 251 15.1 Control Structure 251 15.2 Controller Implementation 254
15.3 Experimental Results 254 15.4 Summary 258 16 Current
Proportional-Resonant Control 259 16.1 Proportional-resonant Controller 259
16.2 Control Structure 260 16.3 Controller Design 261 16.4 Experimental
Results 263 16.5 Summary 268 17 Current Deadbeat Predictive Control 269
17.1 Control Structure 269 17.2 Controller Design 269 17.3 Experimental
Results 271 17.4 Summary 275 18 Synchronverters: Grid-friendly Inverters
that Mimic Synchronous Generators 277 18.1 Mathematical Model of
Synchronous Generators 278 18.2 Implementation of a Synchronverter 282 18.3
Operation of a Synchronverter 284 18.4 Simulation Results 287 18.5
Experimental Results 290 18.6 Summary 296 19 Parallel Operation of
Inverters 297 19.1 Introduction 297 19.2 Problem Description 299 19.3 Power
Delivered to a Voltage Source 300 19.4 Conventional Droop Control 301 19.5
Inherent Limitations of Conventional Droop Control 304 19.6 Robust Droop
Control of R-inverters 309 19.7 Robust Droop Control of C-inverters 319
19.8 Robust Droop Control of L-inverters 326 19.9 Summary 330 20 Robust
Droop Control with Improved Voltage Quality 335 20.1 Control Strategy 335
20.2 Experimental Results 337 20.3 Summary 346 21 Harmonic Droop Controller
to Improve Voltage Quality 347 21.1 Model of an Inverter System 347 21.2
Power Delivered to a Current Source 349 21.3 Reduction of Harmonics in the
Output Voltage 351 21.4 Simulation Results 353 21.5 Experimental Results
355 21.6 Summary 358 PART IV SYNCHRONISATION 22 Conventional
Synchronisation Techniques 361 22.1 Introduction 361 22.2 Zero-crossing
Method 362 22.3 Basic Phase-locked Loops (PLL) 363 22.4 PLL in the
Synchronously Rotating Reference Frame (SRF-PLL) 364 22.5 Second-order
Generalised Integrator-based PLL (SOGI-PLL) 366 22.6 Sinusoidal Tracking
Algorithm (STA) 368 22.7 Simulation Results with SOGI-PLL and STA 369 22.8
Experimental Results with SOGI-PLL and STA 372 22.9 Summary 378 23
Sinusoid-locked Loops 379 23.1 Single-phase Synchronous Machine (SSM)
Connected to the Grid 379 23.2 Structure of a Sinusoid-locked Loop (SLL)
380 23.3 Tracking of the Frequency and the Phase 382 23.4 Tracking of the
Voltage Amplitude 382 23.5 Tuning of the Parameters 382 23.6 Equivalent
Structure 383 23.7 Simulation Results 384 23.8 Experimental Results 386
23.9 Summary 390 References 393 Index 407