An introductory discussion of basic chromosome structure andfunction preceeds the main text on the application ofcytogenetic approaches to the analysis of the manipulationof both the genetic make-up and the genetic transmissionsystem of plant breeding material. Analysis using light andelectron microscopy, segregations and molecular techniques,yields information for assessing the material before andafter manipulation. Much attention is given to quantitativemethods. Manipulation not only involves the construction ofspecific genotypes, but also chromosomal transmissionsystems.Although analysis…mehr
An introductory discussion of basic chromosome structure andfunction preceeds the main text on the application ofcytogenetic approaches to the analysis of the manipulationof both the genetic make-up and the genetic transmissionsystem of plant breeding material. Analysis using light andelectron microscopy, segregations and molecular techniques,yields information for assessing the material before andafter manipulation. Much attention is given to quantitativemethods. Manipulation not only involves the construction ofspecific genotypes, but also chromosomal transmissionsystems.Although analysis and manipulation in the somatic cycle areconsidered, the focus is on the generative cycle, withemphasis on analysis and subsequent segregation ofspecifically constructed material.The book is intended for plant breeders and other scientistsinterested in the analysis and manipulation of breedingmaterial at the chromosomal level. Comparisons withmolecular and cell biological approaches are made, and thepotential of the various methods is evaluated.
Produktdetails
Produktdetails
Monographs on Theoretical and Applied Genetics .17
1 Cytogenetics in Genetics and Plant Breeding.- 1.1 Cytogenetics as a Subdiscipline of Genetics.- 1.2 Cytogenetics in Plant Breeding.- 2 Chromosome Composition, Structure and Morphology.- 2.1 DNA.- 2.2 Chromosome Structure; Histones and Other Chromosomal Proteins.- 2.3 Euchromatin, Heterochromatin.- 2.4 Special Functional Elements in Chromosomes.- 2.5 Microscopic Chromosome Morphology: the Karyotype, Standard and Variations.- 3 The Mechanisms of Genetic Transmission.- 3.1 The Somatic Cycle.- 3.2 Generative Transmission: Fertilization - Meiosis.- 4 The Somatic Chromosome Complement: Karyotype Analysis.- 4.1 The Karyotype.- 4.2 Approaches to Karyotype Analysis: Chromosome Number and Morphology.- 5 Karyotype Variants A: Chromosome Structural Variants.- 5.1 Deficiencies.- 5.2 Duplications.- 5.3 Inversions Ill.- 5.4 Translocations.- 5.5 Other Rearrangements (Robertsonian Fission and Fusion; Isochromosome; Compound).- 6 Karyotype Variants B: Chromosome Number Variants.- 6.1 Euploidy.- 6.2 Aneuploidy.- 7 Diagnosis: Identifying Cytogenetic Causes of Variants of the Karyotype and the Generative Cycle.- 7.1 Diagnosis: The Collection of Specific Information: Context, Objectives and Means.- 7.2 The Diagnostic Strategy.- 7.3 The Diagnostic Use of Meiotic Behaviour and Configurations: Types and Distribution;Causes and Consequences.- 7.4 The Diagnostic Protocol.- 8 Estimating, Recording and Manipulating Recombination.- 8.1 Chromosome Recombination and Exchange Recombination.- 8.2 Exchange Recombination: Crossing-Over.- 8.3 Recording Recombination: Genetic Chromosome Maps.- 8.4 Manipulating Recombination.- 9 Genome Analysis: Identification of and Relations Between Genomes.- 9.1 Genome Analysis: Different Concepts.- 9.2 Genomic Composition of Allopolyploids.- 9.3 Relations Between Genomes: Homology, Homoeology, Affinity.- 10 Manipulation of Genome Composition: A. Gene Transfer.- 10.1 Objectives.- 10.2 Molecular Versus Generative Gene Transfer.- 10.1 Identification of Transferred Chromatin.- 10.2 Different Approaches to Generative Gene Transfer.....- 11 Manipulation of Genome Composition. B. Gene Dose: Duplication, Polyploidy and Gametic Chromosome Number.- 11.1 Objectives.- 11.2 Duplications.- 11.3 Increase in the Number of Genomes: Polyploidy.- 11.4 Reduction in Genome Number: Gametic Chromosome Number.- 12 Manipulation of the Genetic System.- 12.1 Natural and Artificial Variation in Generative Genetic Systems.- 12.2 Allopolyploidization of Autopolyploids.- 12.3 Permanent Translocation Heterozygosity.- 12.4 Cytogenetic Approaches to Hybrid Breeding.- 12.5 Apomixis and Related Systems.- References.
1 Cytogenetics in Genetics and Plant Breeding.- 1.1 Cytogenetics as a Subdiscipline of Genetics.- 1.2 Cytogenetics in Plant Breeding.- 2 Chromosome Composition, Structure and Morphology.- 2.1 DNA.- 2.2 Chromosome Structure; Histones and Other Chromosomal Proteins.- 2.3 Euchromatin, Heterochromatin.- 2.4 Special Functional Elements in Chromosomes.- 2.5 Microscopic Chromosome Morphology: the Karyotype, Standard and Variations.- 3 The Mechanisms of Genetic Transmission.- 3.1 The Somatic Cycle.- 3.2 Generative Transmission: Fertilization - Meiosis.- 4 The Somatic Chromosome Complement: Karyotype Analysis.- 4.1 The Karyotype.- 4.2 Approaches to Karyotype Analysis: Chromosome Number and Morphology.- 5 Karyotype Variants A: Chromosome Structural Variants.- 5.1 Deficiencies.- 5.2 Duplications.- 5.3 Inversions Ill.- 5.4 Translocations.- 5.5 Other Rearrangements (Robertsonian Fission and Fusion; Isochromosome; Compound).- 6 Karyotype Variants B: Chromosome Number Variants.- 6.1 Euploidy.- 6.2 Aneuploidy.- 7 Diagnosis: Identifying Cytogenetic Causes of Variants of the Karyotype and the Generative Cycle.- 7.1 Diagnosis: The Collection of Specific Information: Context, Objectives and Means.- 7.2 The Diagnostic Strategy.- 7.3 The Diagnostic Use of Meiotic Behaviour and Configurations: Types and Distribution;Causes and Consequences.- 7.4 The Diagnostic Protocol.- 8 Estimating, Recording and Manipulating Recombination.- 8.1 Chromosome Recombination and Exchange Recombination.- 8.2 Exchange Recombination: Crossing-Over.- 8.3 Recording Recombination: Genetic Chromosome Maps.- 8.4 Manipulating Recombination.- 9 Genome Analysis: Identification of and Relations Between Genomes.- 9.1 Genome Analysis: Different Concepts.- 9.2 Genomic Composition of Allopolyploids.- 9.3 Relations Between Genomes: Homology, Homoeology, Affinity.- 10 Manipulation of Genome Composition: A. Gene Transfer.- 10.1 Objectives.- 10.2 Molecular Versus Generative Gene Transfer.- 10.1 Identification of Transferred Chromatin.- 10.2 Different Approaches to Generative Gene Transfer.....- 11 Manipulation of Genome Composition. B. Gene Dose: Duplication, Polyploidy and Gametic Chromosome Number.- 11.1 Objectives.- 11.2 Duplications.- 11.3 Increase in the Number of Genomes: Polyploidy.- 11.4 Reduction in Genome Number: Gametic Chromosome Number.- 12 Manipulation of the Genetic System.- 12.1 Natural and Artificial Variation in Generative Genetic Systems.- 12.2 Allopolyploidization of Autopolyploids.- 12.3 Permanent Translocation Heterozygosity.- 12.4 Cytogenetic Approaches to Hybrid Breeding.- 12.5 Apomixis and Related Systems.- References.
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