Statistical Methods for Geography is the essential introduction for geography students looking to fully understand and apply key statistical concepts and techniques. Now in its fifth edition, this text is an accessible statistics 101 focused on student learning, and includes definitions, examples, and exercises throughout. Fully integrated with online self-assessment exercises and video overviews, it explains everything required to get full credits for any undergraduate statistics module. The fifth edition of this bestselling text includes: · Coverage of descriptive statistics,…mehr
Statistical Methods for Geography is the essential introduction for geography students looking to fully understand and apply key statistical concepts and techniques. Now in its fifth edition, this text is an accessible statistics 101 focused on student learning, and includes definitions, examples, and exercises throughout. Fully integrated with online self-assessment exercises and video overviews, it explains everything required to get full credits for any undergraduate statistics module.
The fifth edition of this bestselling text includes:
· Coverage of descriptive statistics, probability, inferential statistics, hypothesis testing and sampling, variance, correlation, regression analysis, spatial patterns, spatial data reduction using factor analysis and cluster analysis.
· New examples from physical geography and additional real-world examples.
· Updated in-text and online exercises along with downloadable datasets.
This is the only text you ll need for undergraduate courses in statistical analysis, statistical methods, and quantitative geography.
Peter A. Rogerson is SUNY (State University of New York) Distinguished Professor in the Department of Geography at the University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA. He also holds an adjunct appointment in the Department of Biostatistics.
Inhaltsangabe
1INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICAL METHODS FOR GEOGRAPHY 1.1Introduction 1.2The scientific method 1.3Exploratory and confirmatory approaches in geography 1.4Probability and statistics 1.5Descriptive and inferential methods 1.6The nature of statistical thinking 1.7Special considerations for spatial data 1.8The structure of the book 1.9Datasets 2DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS 2.1Types of data 2.2Visual descriptive methods 2.3Measures of central tendency 2.4Measures of variability 2.5Other numerical measures for describing data 2.6Descriptive spatial statistics 2.7Descriptive statistics in SPSS 25 for Windows Solved exercises Exercises 3PROBABILITY AND DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS 3.1Introduction 3.2Sample spaces, random variables, and probabilities 3.3Binomial processes and the binomial distribution 3.4The geometric distribution 3.5The Poisson distribution 3.6The hypergeometric distribution 3.7Binomial tests in SPSS 25 for Windows Solved exercises Exercises 4CONTINUOUS PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS AND PROBABILITY MODELS 4.1Introduction 4.2The uniform or rectangular distribution 4.3The normal distribution 4.4The exponential distribution 4.5Summary of discrete and continuous distributions 4.6Probability models Solved exercises Exercises 5INFERENTIAL STATISTICS: CONFIDENCE INTERVALS, HYPOTHESIS TESTING, AND SAMPLING 5.1Introduction to inferential statistics 5.2Confidence intervals 5.3Hypothesis testing 5.4Distributions of the random variable and distributions of the test statistic 5.5Spatial data and the implications of nonindependence 5.6Further discussion of the effects of deviations from the assumptions 5.7Sampling 5.8Some tests for spatial measures of central tendency and variability 5.9One-sample tests of means in SPSS 25 for Windows 5.10 Two-sample t-tests in SPSS 25 for Windows Solved exercises Exercises 6ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE 6.1Introduction 6.2Illustrations 6.3Analysis of variance with two categories 6.4Testing the assumptions 6.5Consequences of failure to meet assumptions 6.6 The nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test 6.7 The nonparametric median test 6.8 Contrasts 6.9 One-way ANOVA in SPSS 25 for Windows 6.10 One-way ANOVA in Excel Solved exercises Exercises 7CORRELATION 7.1Introduction and examples of correlation 7.2More illustrations 7.3A significance test for r 7.4The correlation coefficient and sample size 7.5Spearman's rank correlation coefficient 7.6Additional topics 7.7Correlation in SPSS 25 for Windows 7.8Correlation in Excel Solved exercises Exercises 8DATA REDUCTION: FACTOR ANALYSIS AND CLUSTER ANALYSIS 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Factor analysis and principal components analysis 8.3 Cluster analysis 8.4 Data reduction methods in SPSS 25 for Windows Exercises 9INTRODUCTION TO REGRESSION ANALYSIS 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Fitting a regression line to a set of bivariate data 9.3 Regression in terms of explained and unexplained sums of squares 9.4 Assumptions of regression 9.5 Standard error of the estimate 9.6 Tests for ß 9.7Illustration: state aid to secondary schools 9.8 Linear versus nonlinear models 9.9 Regression in SPSS 25 for Windows 9.10 Regression in Excel Solved exercises Exercises 10MORE ON REGRESSION 10.1 Multiple regression 10.2 Misspecification error 10.3 Dummy variables 10.4 Multiple regression illustration: species in the Galápagos Islands 10.5 Variable selection 10.6 Regression analysis on component scores 10.7 Categorical dependent variable 10.8 A summary of some problems that can arise in regression analysis 10.9 Multiple and logistic regression in SPSS 25 for Windows Exercises 11SPATIAL DATA, SPATIAL PATTERNS, AND SPATIAL REGRESSION 11.1 Introduction 11.2 The analysis of point patterns 11.3 Geographic patterns in areal data 11.4 Local statistics 11.5 Introduction to spatial aspects of regression 11.6 Spatial lag model and neighborhood-based explanatory variables 11.7 Spatial regression: autocorrelated errors 11.8 Geographically weighted regression 11.9 Illustration 11.10 Finding Moran's I using SPSS 25 for Windows 11.11 Finding Moran's I using GeoDa 11.12 Spatial Regression with GeoDa 1.4.6 Exercises EPILOGUE ANSWERS FOR SELECTED EXERCISES APPENDIX A: STATISTICAL TABLES APPENDIX B: MATHEMATICAL CONVENTIONS AND NOTATION Bibliography Index
1INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICAL METHODS FOR GEOGRAPHY 1.1Introduction 1.2The scientific method 1.3Exploratory and confirmatory approaches in geography 1.4Probability and statistics 1.5Descriptive and inferential methods 1.6The nature of statistical thinking 1.7Special considerations for spatial data 1.8The structure of the book 1.9Datasets 2DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS 2.1Types of data 2.2Visual descriptive methods 2.3Measures of central tendency 2.4Measures of variability 2.5Other numerical measures for describing data 2.6Descriptive spatial statistics 2.7Descriptive statistics in SPSS 25 for Windows Solved exercises Exercises 3PROBABILITY AND DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS 3.1Introduction 3.2Sample spaces, random variables, and probabilities 3.3Binomial processes and the binomial distribution 3.4The geometric distribution 3.5The Poisson distribution 3.6The hypergeometric distribution 3.7Binomial tests in SPSS 25 for Windows Solved exercises Exercises 4CONTINUOUS PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS AND PROBABILITY MODELS 4.1Introduction 4.2The uniform or rectangular distribution 4.3The normal distribution 4.4The exponential distribution 4.5Summary of discrete and continuous distributions 4.6Probability models Solved exercises Exercises 5INFERENTIAL STATISTICS: CONFIDENCE INTERVALS, HYPOTHESIS TESTING, AND SAMPLING 5.1Introduction to inferential statistics 5.2Confidence intervals 5.3Hypothesis testing 5.4Distributions of the random variable and distributions of the test statistic 5.5Spatial data and the implications of nonindependence 5.6Further discussion of the effects of deviations from the assumptions 5.7Sampling 5.8Some tests for spatial measures of central tendency and variability 5.9One-sample tests of means in SPSS 25 for Windows 5.10 Two-sample t-tests in SPSS 25 for Windows Solved exercises Exercises 6ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE 6.1Introduction 6.2Illustrations 6.3Analysis of variance with two categories 6.4Testing the assumptions 6.5Consequences of failure to meet assumptions 6.6 The nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test 6.7 The nonparametric median test 6.8 Contrasts 6.9 One-way ANOVA in SPSS 25 for Windows 6.10 One-way ANOVA in Excel Solved exercises Exercises 7CORRELATION 7.1Introduction and examples of correlation 7.2More illustrations 7.3A significance test for r 7.4The correlation coefficient and sample size 7.5Spearman's rank correlation coefficient 7.6Additional topics 7.7Correlation in SPSS 25 for Windows 7.8Correlation in Excel Solved exercises Exercises 8DATA REDUCTION: FACTOR ANALYSIS AND CLUSTER ANALYSIS 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Factor analysis and principal components analysis 8.3 Cluster analysis 8.4 Data reduction methods in SPSS 25 for Windows Exercises 9INTRODUCTION TO REGRESSION ANALYSIS 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Fitting a regression line to a set of bivariate data 9.3 Regression in terms of explained and unexplained sums of squares 9.4 Assumptions of regression 9.5 Standard error of the estimate 9.6 Tests for ß 9.7Illustration: state aid to secondary schools 9.8 Linear versus nonlinear models 9.9 Regression in SPSS 25 for Windows 9.10 Regression in Excel Solved exercises Exercises 10MORE ON REGRESSION 10.1 Multiple regression 10.2 Misspecification error 10.3 Dummy variables 10.4 Multiple regression illustration: species in the Galápagos Islands 10.5 Variable selection 10.6 Regression analysis on component scores 10.7 Categorical dependent variable 10.8 A summary of some problems that can arise in regression analysis 10.9 Multiple and logistic regression in SPSS 25 for Windows Exercises 11SPATIAL DATA, SPATIAL PATTERNS, AND SPATIAL REGRESSION 11.1 Introduction 11.2 The analysis of point patterns 11.3 Geographic patterns in areal data 11.4 Local statistics 11.5 Introduction to spatial aspects of regression 11.6 Spatial lag model and neighborhood-based explanatory variables 11.7 Spatial regression: autocorrelated errors 11.8 Geographically weighted regression 11.9 Illustration 11.10 Finding Moran's I using SPSS 25 for Windows 11.11 Finding Moran's I using GeoDa 11.12 Spatial Regression with GeoDa 1.4.6 Exercises EPILOGUE ANSWERS FOR SELECTED EXERCISES APPENDIX A: STATISTICAL TABLES APPENDIX B: MATHEMATICAL CONVENTIONS AND NOTATION Bibliography Index
Rezensionen
This book has become the gold standard for teaching statistical methods to geographers. With a friendly and accessible manner, the author covers introductory statistics while revealing the quirkiness of spatial data. It is suitable for a one-year undergraduate class in geography, and there is no better reference for students transitioning to graduate studies. While always including rich examples form human geography, this new edition includes more examples from physical geography that will appeal to a wider audience.
Nicholas Nagle
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