Antonio Castagna, Francesco Fede

Measuring and Managing Liquidity Risk

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

A fully up-to-date, cutting-edge guide to the measurement and management of liquidity risk

Written for front and middle office risk management and quantitative practitioners, this book provides the ground-level knowledge, tools, and techniques for effective liquidity risk management. Highly practical, though thoroughly grounded in theory, the book begins with the basics of liquidity risks and, using examples pulled from the recent financial crisis, how they manifest themselves in financial institutions. The book then goes on to look at tools which can be used to measure liquidity risk, discussing risk monitoring and the different models used, notably financial variables models, credit variables models, and behavioural variables models, and then at managing these risks. As well as looking at the tools necessary for effective measurement and management, the book also looks at and discusses current regulation and the implication of new Basel regulations on management procedures and tools.

Produktdetails

• Wiley Finance Series .
• Verlag: Wiley & Sons
• 1. Auflage
• Seitenzahl: 608
• Erscheinungstermin: 10. September 2013
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 250mm x 175mm x 36mm
• Gewicht: 1170g
• ISBN-13: 9781119990246
• ISBN-10: 1119990246
• Artikelnr.: 36161835

Autorenporträt

About the authors ANTONIO CASTAGNA is currently partner and co-founder of the consulting company Iason Ltd, focusing on the design of models to price complex derivatives and to measure financial, liquidity and credit risks. Previously he was with Banca IMI Milan, from 1999 to 2006, where he first worked as a market maker of cap/floors and swaptions and then set up the FX options market-making desk. He started his carrier in 1997 at IMI Bank Luxembourg, in the Risk Control Department. He graduated in Finance at LUISS University in Rome in 1995. He has written papers on different issues, including credit derivatives, managing exotic options risks and volatility smiles, and is also the author of FX Options and Smile Risk, John Wiley & Sons. FRANCESCO FEDE is a graduate of the LUISS University of Rome. From 1996 he worked for IMI Bank Lux as financial controller and risk manager. In 1998 he moved to Banca IMI Milan, where he started his career as a short-term interest derivative trader in 2001. Since then, he has covered many tasks in Treasury and ALM activities. Currently he is head of the Market Treasury desk of Banca IMI. Over the last couple of years he has focused on the pricing of liquidity risk for structured loans and derivative products, as well as the impact of liquidity risk on both trading and banking books.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xiii About the authors xvii Abbreviations and acronyms xix PART I
LIQUIDITY AND BANKING ACTIVITY 1 1 Banks as lemons? 3 1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 The first wave 4 1.3 Banks as lemons? 7 1.4 The response 9 1.5 The
second wave 13 1.6 Conclusion 15 2 A journey into liquidity 17 2.1
Introduction 17 2.2 Central bank liquidity 18 2.3 Funding liquidity 19 2.4
Market liquidity 22 2.5 The virtuous circle 24 2.6 The vicious circle 24
2.8 The role of the central bank, supervision and regulation 28 2.9
Conclusions 31 3 Too big to fail 33 3.1 Introduction 33 3.2 When giants
fall 34 3.3 A hard lesson 36 3.4 Closer supervision 37 3.5 G-SIFI
regulations 39 3.6 The next steps 41 3.7 Conclusion 44 4 The new framework
47 4.1 Introduction 47 4.2 Some basic liquidity risk measures 48 4.3 The
first mover 50 4.4 Basel III: The new framework for liquidity risk
measurement and monitoring 53 4.4.1 The liquidity coverage ratio 55 4.5
Inside the liquidity coverage ratio 63 4.6 The other metrics 66 4.7
Intraday liquidity risk 69 4.8 Beyond the ratios 72 4.9 Conclusion 74 5
Know thyself! 75 5.1 Introduction 75 5.2 Some changes on the liabilities
side 75 5.3 The role of leverage 79 5.4 The originate-to-distribute
business model 82 5.5 The liquidity framework 84 5.6 Stress-testing and
contingency funding plan 89 5.7 The CEBS identity card 95 5.8 Conclusions
97 5.9 Appendix: The CEBS Identity Card Annex (CEBS) 98 PART II TOOLS TO
MANAGE LIQUIDITY RISK 109 6 Monitoring liquidity 111 6.1 A taxonomy of cash
flows 111 6.2 Liquidity options 114 6.3 Liquidity risk 115 6.4 Quantitative
liquidity risk measures 118 6.4.1 The term structure of expected cash flows
and the term structure of expected cumulated cash flows 119 6.4.2 Liquidity
generation capacity 123 6.4.3 The term structure of available assets 127
6.5 The term structure of expected liquidity 134 6.6 Cash flows at risk and
the term structure of liquidity at risk 135 7 Liquidity buffer and term
structure of funding 143 7.1 Introduction 143 7.2 Liquidity buffer and
counterbalancing capacity 143 7.3 The first cause of the need for a
liquidity buffer: Maturity mismatch 145 7.3.1 Some or all stressed
scenarios do not occur 149 7.3.2 The cost of the liquidity buffer for
maturity mismatch 152 7.3.3 Liquidity buffer costs when stressed scenarios
do not occur 158 7.3.4 A more general formula for liquidity buffer costs
163 7.4 Funding assets with several liabilities 168 7.5 Actual scenarios
severer than predicted 169 7.6 The term structure of available funding and
the liquidity buffer 171 7.6.1 The term structure of forward cumulated
funding and how to use it 175 7.7 Non-maturing liabilities 179 7.7.1
Pricing of NML and cost of the liquidity buffer 182 7.8 The second cause of
the liquidity buffer: Collateral margining 186 7.8.1 A method to set the
liquidity buffer for derivative collateral 186 7.8.2 The cost of the
liquidity buffer for derivative collateral 188 7.9 The third cause of the
liquidity buffer: Off-balance-sheet commitments 192 7.10 Basel III
regulation and liquidity buffer 194 8 Models for market risk factors 199
8.1 Introduction 199 8.2 Stock prices and FX rates 199 8.3 Interest rate
models 201 8.3.1 One-factor models for the zero rate 201 8.3.2 Vasicek
model 202 8.3.3 The CIR model 202 8.3.4 The CIR?? model 209 8.3.5 The basic
affine jump diffusion model 211 8.3.6 Numerical implementations 212 8.3.7
Discrete version of the CIR model 212 8.3.8 Monte Carlo methods 214 8.3.9
Libor market model 215 8.4 Default probabilities and credit spreads 219
8.4.1 Structural models 219 8.4.2 Reduced models 221 8.4.3 Credit spreads
223 8.5 Expected and minimum liquidity generation capacity of available
bonds 224 8.5.1 Value of the position in a defaultable coupon bond 225
8.5.2 Expected value of the position in a coupon bond 226 8.5.3 Haircut
modelling 227 8.5.4 Future value of a bond portfolio 228 8.5.5 Calculating
the quantile: a (Delta - Tua) approximation of the portfolio 228 8.5.6
Estimation of the CIR++ model for interest rates 231 8.5.7 Estimation of
the CIR++ model for default intensities 233 8.5.8 Future liquidity from a
single bond 239 8.5.9 Future liquidity from more bonds 240 8.6 Fair haircut
for repo transactions and collateralized loans 247 8.7 Adjustments to the
value of illiquid bonds 256 8.7.1 Liquid equivalent adjustment 258 8.7.2
Price volatility adjustment 261 8.A Expectation value of the bond with
selling probability and spread 270 9 Behavioural models 277 9.1
Introduction 277 9.2 Prepayment modelling 277 9.2.1 Common approaches to
modelling prepayments 277 9.2.2 Hedging with an empirical model 278 9.2.3
Effective hedging strategies of prepayment risk 285 9.2.4 Conclusions on
prepayment models 288 9.2.5 Modelling prepayment decisions 288 9.2.6
Modelling the losses upon prepayment 290 9.2.7 Analytical approximation for
ELoP1 296 9.2.8 Valuing the ELoP using a VaR approach 299 9.2.9 Extension
to double rational prepayment 303 9.2.10 Total prepayment cost 305 9.2.11
Expected cash flows 306 9.2.12 Mortgage pricing including prepayment costs
308 9.3 Sight deposit and non-maturing liability modelling 316 9.3.1
Modelling approaches 317 9.3.2 The stochastic factor approach 319 9.3.3
Economic evaluation and risk management of deposits 324 9.3.4 Inclusion of
bank runs 334 9.4 Credit line modelling 337 9.4.1 Measures to monitor usage
of credit lines 339 9.4.2 Modelling withdrawal intensity 340 9.4.3
Liquidity management of credit lines 341 9.4.4 Pricing of credit lines 360
9.4.5 Commitment fee 362 9.4.6 Adding the probability of default 364 9.4.7
Spread option 365 9.4.8 Incremental pricing 368 PART III PRICING LIQUIDITY
RISK 383 10 The links between credit risk and funding cost 385 10.1
Introduction 385 10.2 The axiom 385 10.3 Cash flow fair values and
discounting 386 10.4 Critique of debit value adjustment 389 10.4.1
Single-period case 389 10.4.2 Multi-period case 391 10.4.3 DVA as a funding
benefit 394 10.5 DVA for derivative contracts 397 10.6 Extension to
positive recovery and liquidity risk 402 10.7 Dynamic replication of DVA
404 10.7.1 The gain process 404 10.7.2 Dynamic replication of a defaultable
claim 405 10.7.3 Objections to the statement "no long position in a bank's
own bonds is possible" 409 10.7.4 DVA replication by the funding benefit
410 10.7.5 DVA replication and bank's franchise 415 10.8 Recapitulation of
results 419 10.9 Accounting standard and DVA 419 10.10 Distinction between
price and value 421 11 Cost of liquidity and fund transfer pricing 425 11.1
Introduction 425 11.2 Principles of transfer pricing 425 11.2.1 Balance
sheet 425 11.2.2 Bank's profits and losses 426 11.3 Funding and banking
activity 431 11.4 Building a funding curve 432 11.5 Including the funding
cost in loan pricing 446 11.5.1 Pricing of a fixed rate bullet loan 450
11.6 Monitoring funding costs and risk control of refunding risk 452 11.7
Funding costs and asset/liability management 456 11.8 Internal fund
transfer pricing system 457 11.8.1 Multiple curves 459 11.8.2 Single curve
461 11.8.3 Implementation of funding policies 465 11.9 Best practices and
regulation 468 12 Liquidity risk and the cost of funding in derivative
contracts 473 12.1 Pricing of derivative contracts under collateral
agreements 473 12.1.1 Pricing in a simple discrete setting 475 12.1.2 The
replicating portfolio in continuous time 480 12.1.3 Pricing with a funding
rate different from the investment rate 483 12.1.4 Funding rate different
from investment rate and repo rate 489 12.1.5 Interest rate derivatives 491
12.2 Pricing of collateralized derivative contracts when more than one
currency is involved 499 12.2.1 Contracts collateralized in a currency
other than the payoff currency 499 12.2.2 FX derivatives 505 12.2.3
Interest rate derivatives 511 12.2.4 Cross-currency swaps 514 12.3
Valuation of non-collateralized interest rate swaps including funding costs
518 12.3.1 The basic setup 518 12.3.2 Hedging swap exposures and cash flows
519 12.3.3 Funding spread modelling 521 12.3.4 Strategy 1: Funding all cash
flows at inception 522 12.3.5 Strategy 2: Funding negative cash flows when
they occur 524 12.3.6 Including counterparty credit risk 528 12.3.7
Practical examples 531 13 A sort of conclusion: towards a new treasury? 539
13.1 Introduction 539 13.2 Organization of the treasury and the dealing
room 539 13.3 Banking vs trading book 542 13.3.1 Collateralization 542
13.3.2 Links amongst risks 543 13.3.3 Production costs 545 References 547
Index 553