Building services refers to the equipment and systems thatcontribute to controlling the internal environment to make it safeand comfortable to occupy. They also support the requirements ofprocesses and business functions within buildings, for examplemanufacturing and assembly operations, medical procedures,warehousing and storage of materials, chemical processing, housinglivestock, plant cultivation, etc. For both people and processes the ability of the buildingservices engineering systems to continually perform properly,reliably, effectively and efficiently is of vital importance to…mehr
Building services refers to the equipment and systems thatcontribute to controlling the internal environment to make it safeand comfortable to occupy. They also support the requirements ofprocesses and business functions within buildings, for examplemanufacturing and assembly operations, medical procedures,warehousing and storage of materials, chemical processing, housinglivestock, plant cultivation, etc.
For both people and processes the ability of the buildingservices engineering systems to continually perform properly,reliably, effectively and efficiently is of vital importance to theoperational requirements of a building. Typically the buildingservices installation is worth 30-60% of the total value of acontract, however existing publications on design managementbundles building services engineering up with other disciplines anddoes not recognise its unique features and idiosyncrasies.
Building Services Design Management provides authoritativeguidance for building services engineers responsible for the designof services, overseeing the installation, and witnessing thetesting and commissioning of these systems. The design stagerequires technical skills to ensure that the systems are safe,compliant with legislative requirements and good practices, arecost-effective and are coordinated with the needs of the otherdesign and construction team professionals. Coveringeverything from occupant subjectivity and end-user behaviour todesign life maintainability, sequencing and design responsibilitythe book will meet the needs of building services engineeringundergraduates and postgraduates as well as being an ideal handbookfor building services engineers moving into designmanagement.
Jackie Portman is a Senior Building Services (MEP) Design Manager with over 25 years' experience in consultancy, contracting and project management in the UK and overseas. She has led the design management process in a range of projects in terms of complexity, size and uses: university complexes (libraries, archive buildings, state-of-the-art education and research facilities), healthcare projects (wards, laboratories, clinical areas), single and mixed-use commercial office complexes, residential developments and schools. Her particular areas of expertise are in consultant selection and appointments, managing the design and pre-construction activities, ensuring that commissioning management procedures are put in place, and closing out and handing over successful projects. The author is also experienced with instigating post-occupancy studies to understand how the building services engineering designs worked for the building occupants, operations and maintenance staff.
Inhaltsangabe
Preface x About the author xiii Introduction 1 Evolvement of building services engineering 2 Range of building services engineering systems in a building 3 Unique features of building services 4 Professionalisation of building services engineers 6 Part One The operating context 9 1 The operating environment 11 1.1 Organisational arrangement 13 Ownership arrangement 13 Scope of services 14 Integration with other entities 15 Types of projects by building sector 15 Geographical operating span 16 1.2 The internal environment 16 Human capital 17 Structural capital 19 Relationship capital 21 Summary 22 2 The external environment 23 2.1 Competitor analysis 24 2.2 PESTLE analysis 25 Political drivers 25 Economic drivers 26 Social drivers 26 Technical drivers 27 Legal drivers 28 Environmental drivers 29 Summary 30 3 Engaging building services engineers 31 3.1 Types of commissions 32 Design commissions 32 Survey commissions 33 Advisory commissions 34 Witnessing commissions 36 Construction administration 36 3.2 Contracts 36 Allocation of design responsibility 37 Provision of third party information 38 Warranties 39 Bonds 40 Insurances 40 Partnering 41 3.3 Fees 41 3.4 Getting work 43 Responding to enquiries 44 Summary 45 4 Stakeholder interfaces 46 4.1 The client team 48 4.2 Enforcing authorities 50 Building control 50 Local planning departments 51 Non-departmental public bodies 52 4.3 The design team 52 Architects 52 Engineers 55 Quantity surveyors 56 Specialists 57 4.4 The construction team 60 Main contractors 60 Subcontractors 61 Suppliers 61 4.5 Utility service providers 61 4.6 Non-contractual interfaces 63 Summary 65 Reference 65 5 Professional ethics 66 Summary 68 Part Two Technical issues associated with building services design 69 6 Design criteria 71 6.1 External design criteria 72 Meteorological design criteria 75 Microclimates 81 Pollution and contaminants 83 6.2 Interior design criteria 88 Thermal comfort 90 Visual conditions 95 Acoustic conditions 100 Electromagnetic and electrostatic environment 101 Life safety criteria 101 Vertical transportation 102 Specialist services 103 Connectivity 103 Controlled outdoor environment 103 6.3 Voluntary codes and practices 105 Incentive schemes 106 Eco-labelling 106 Summary 107 Reference 107 7 System descriptions 108 7.1 Public utility services connections 110 Electricity 111 Gas 112 Water 112 Information and broadcast communications 113 7.2 Ventilation 114 7.3 Heating 118 7.4 Cooling 120 7.5 Air-conditioning 121 7.6 Water systems 123 Hot and cold domestic water services 123 Irrigation systems 126 Fire water systems 126 Wastewater removal systems 127 7.7 Gas systems 129 7.8 Electrical distribution 130 Source of supply 130 Transmission system 130 Earthing and bonding system 133 Electrical supplies for mechanical, public health and other equipment 134 7.9 Artificial lighting 134 External lighting 136 7.10 Controls 136 7.11 Lightning protection system 138 7.12 Fire detection and alarm system 139 7.13 Smoke and fire control systems 140 7.14 Security systems 143 Security lighting 143 Access control system 143 Closed circuit television 144 Alarms 144 Patrol stations 145 7.15 Structured wiring system 145 7.16 Broadcast communications technology systems 146 7.17 Mobile telephony systems 146 7.18 Audio, visual, audiovisual and information systems 147 7.19 Facilities for the disabled 149 7.20 Vertical transportation 150 Summary 150 8 Off-site manufacturing 151 Summary 152 Part Three The design management process 153 9 Design execution 155 9.1 Project stages 157 Preparation 157 Design 158 Pre-construction 168 Construction stage 171 Handover and close-out 180 In use 181 9.2 Design management issues 184 Design responsibility matrix 184 Hierarchy of legislation and standards 185 Stakeholder analysis 185 Site visits 186 Health and safety responsibilities 187 Life cycle considerations 188 Managing ff&e requirements 190 Areas of potential overlapping responsibilities 190 Use of software 196 Summary 196 10 Risk management 198 Risk identification 199 Risk evaluation and quantification 201 Risk sharing, managing and monitoring 201 Summary 202 References 202 11 Information management 203 Project related information 204 Reference information 204 Knowledge management 204 Summary 206 12 Value management 207 Summary 210 13 Planning management 211 Summary 214 Reference 214 14 Commercial management 215 Procuremant routes 215 Cost management 216 Bills of quantities 218 Contract variations, claims and disputes 219 Summary 219 15 Quality management 220 Summary 221 16 Performance management 222 Issues with performance measurement systems 224 Summary 225 Part Four Special buildings 227 17 Special buildings 229 17.1 Commercial kitchens 229 17.2 Hospitals and healthcare facilities 234 17.3 Data centres 241 17.4 Shopping centres 244 17.5 Sports facilities 245 17.6 Hotels 246 17.7 Educational buildings 248 Index 251
Preface x About the author xiii Introduction 1 Evolvement of building services engineering 2 Range of building services engineering systems in a building 3 Unique features of building services 4 Professionalisation of building services engineers 6 Part One The operating context 9 1 The operating environment 11 1.1 Organisational arrangement 13 Ownership arrangement 13 Scope of services 14 Integration with other entities 15 Types of projects by building sector 15 Geographical operating span 16 1.2 The internal environment 16 Human capital 17 Structural capital 19 Relationship capital 21 Summary 22 2 The external environment 23 2.1 Competitor analysis 24 2.2 PESTLE analysis 25 Political drivers 25 Economic drivers 26 Social drivers 26 Technical drivers 27 Legal drivers 28 Environmental drivers 29 Summary 30 3 Engaging building services engineers 31 3.1 Types of commissions 32 Design commissions 32 Survey commissions 33 Advisory commissions 34 Witnessing commissions 36 Construction administration 36 3.2 Contracts 36 Allocation of design responsibility 37 Provision of third party information 38 Warranties 39 Bonds 40 Insurances 40 Partnering 41 3.3 Fees 41 3.4 Getting work 43 Responding to enquiries 44 Summary 45 4 Stakeholder interfaces 46 4.1 The client team 48 4.2 Enforcing authorities 50 Building control 50 Local planning departments 51 Non-departmental public bodies 52 4.3 The design team 52 Architects 52 Engineers 55 Quantity surveyors 56 Specialists 57 4.4 The construction team 60 Main contractors 60 Subcontractors 61 Suppliers 61 4.5 Utility service providers 61 4.6 Non-contractual interfaces 63 Summary 65 Reference 65 5 Professional ethics 66 Summary 68 Part Two Technical issues associated with building services design 69 6 Design criteria 71 6.1 External design criteria 72 Meteorological design criteria 75 Microclimates 81 Pollution and contaminants 83 6.2 Interior design criteria 88 Thermal comfort 90 Visual conditions 95 Acoustic conditions 100 Electromagnetic and electrostatic environment 101 Life safety criteria 101 Vertical transportation 102 Specialist services 103 Connectivity 103 Controlled outdoor environment 103 6.3 Voluntary codes and practices 105 Incentive schemes 106 Eco-labelling 106 Summary 107 Reference 107 7 System descriptions 108 7.1 Public utility services connections 110 Electricity 111 Gas 112 Water 112 Information and broadcast communications 113 7.2 Ventilation 114 7.3 Heating 118 7.4 Cooling 120 7.5 Air-conditioning 121 7.6 Water systems 123 Hot and cold domestic water services 123 Irrigation systems 126 Fire water systems 126 Wastewater removal systems 127 7.7 Gas systems 129 7.8 Electrical distribution 130 Source of supply 130 Transmission system 130 Earthing and bonding system 133 Electrical supplies for mechanical, public health and other equipment 134 7.9 Artificial lighting 134 External lighting 136 7.10 Controls 136 7.11 Lightning protection system 138 7.12 Fire detection and alarm system 139 7.13 Smoke and fire control systems 140 7.14 Security systems 143 Security lighting 143 Access control system 143 Closed circuit television 144 Alarms 144 Patrol stations 145 7.15 Structured wiring system 145 7.16 Broadcast communications technology systems 146 7.17 Mobile telephony systems 146 7.18 Audio, visual, audiovisual and information systems 147 7.19 Facilities for the disabled 149 7.20 Vertical transportation 150 Summary 150 8 Off-site manufacturing 151 Summary 152 Part Three The design management process 153 9 Design execution 155 9.1 Project stages 157 Preparation 157 Design 158 Pre-construction 168 Construction stage 171 Handover and close-out 180 In use 181 9.2 Design management issues 184 Design responsibility matrix 184 Hierarchy of legislation and standards 185 Stakeholder analysis 185 Site visits 186 Health and safety responsibilities 187 Life cycle considerations 188 Managing ff&e requirements 190 Areas of potential overlapping responsibilities 190 Use of software 196 Summary 196 10 Risk management 198 Risk identification 199 Risk evaluation and quantification 201 Risk sharing, managing and monitoring 201 Summary 202 References 202 11 Information management 203 Project related information 204 Reference information 204 Knowledge management 204 Summary 206 12 Value management 207 Summary 210 13 Planning management 211 Summary 214 Reference 214 14 Commercial management 215 Procuremant routes 215 Cost management 216 Bills of quantities 218 Contract variations, claims and disputes 219 Summary 219 15 Quality management 220 Summary 221 16 Performance management 222 Issues with performance measurement systems 224 Summary 225 Part Four Special buildings 227 17 Special buildings 229 17.1 Commercial kitchens 229 17.2 Hospitals and healthcare facilities 234 17.3 Data centres 241 17.4 Shopping centres 244 17.5 Sports facilities 245 17.6 Hotels 246 17.7 Educational buildings 248 Index 251
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