Sixth Annual Graduate Hospital Research Symposium REGULATION OF SMOOTH MUSCLE PROGRESS IN SOLVING THE PUZZLE Every so often a scientific conference comes at a time when everyone has new and exciting information, when old "dogmas" do not seem to be as well established, and when speakers and participants alike are ready to challenge interpretations of old and new experimental data. This was such a conference. What turns on a smooth muscle cell? The precise answer to this question has eluded scientists for much longer than I have been involved in the field. We know that an increase in cytosolic…mehr
Sixth Annual Graduate Hospital Research Symposium REGULATION OF SMOOTH MUSCLE PROGRESS IN SOLVING THE PUZZLE Every so often a scientific conference comes at a time when everyone has new and exciting information, when old "dogmas" do not seem to be as well established, and when speakers and participants alike are ready to challenge interpretations of old and new experimental data. This was such a conference. What turns on a smooth muscle cell? The precise answer to this question has eluded scientists for much longer than I have been involved in the field. We know that an increase in cytosolic calcium is necessary and we know that phosphorylation of the 20 kDa myosin light chain is an important step in the process. We do not know if other processes are necessary for the initiation and lor maintenance of a smooth muscle contraction nor do we know if other processes modulate the regulation of contraction. The goal of the symposium on which this volume is based was to explore the mostcurrent hypotheses for the answers to these questions. I believe that after reading the chapters included in this volume, you will agree that this goal was achieved. The importance of calcium and calmodulin dependent myosin light chain phosphoryla tion in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction was reinforced by many presentations. However, the status of myosin light chain phosphorylation as a simple calcium dependent switch came under serious suspicion.
Tribute to Prof essor Edith Bülbring.- Contractile Protein Studies.- Structure-Function Relationships in Smooth Muscle Myosin Light Chain Kinase.- Regulation of Smooth Muscle Myosin Light Chain Kinase by Calmodulin.- Regulation of Smooth Muscle Actomyosin Function.- Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Smooth Muscle Calponin.- In Vitro Evidence for Smooth Muscle Crossbridge Mechanical Interactions.- Permeabilized Fiber Studies.- Regulation of a Smooth Muscle Contraction: A Hypothesis Based on Skinned Fiber Studies.- Cooperative Mechanisms in the Regulation of Smooth Muscle Contraction.- Mechanics of the Crossbridge Interaction in Living and Chemically Skinned Smooth Muscle.- Modulation of Ca2+ Sensitivity by Agonists in Smooth Muscle.- Regulation of the Ca2+-Force Relationship in Permeabilized Arterial Smooth Muscle.- Intact Fiber Studies.- Myosin Light Chain Kinase Phosphorylation: Regulation of the Ca2+ Sensitivity of Contractile Elements.- Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms and Smooth Muscle Function.- Mechanical and Biochemical Events During Hypoxia-Induced Relaxations of Rabbit Aorta.- Can Different Four-State Crossbridge Models Explain Latch and the Energetics of Vascular Smooth Muscle?.- Calcium Homeostasis in Single Intact Smooth Muscle Cells.- Excitation-Contraction Coupling.- Pharmacomechanical Coupling: The Membranes Talk to the Crossbridges.- Characteristics of the Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channel in Smooth Muscle: Patch-Clamp Studies.- Changes in Cytoplasmic Calcium Induced by Purinergic P2X Receptor Activation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Sensory Neurons.- Purification and Reconstitution of the Ryanodine- and Caffeine-Sensitive Ca2+ Release Channel Complex from Muscle Sarcoplasmic Reticulum.- Cytosolic Calcium Ion Regulation in CulturedEndothelial Cells.- Adaptation.- Altered Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Hypertension: Role of Plasma Membrane Phospholipids and Ion Channels.- Many Membrane Abnormalities in Hypertension Result from One Primary Defect.- [Ca2+Ji Distribution and Signalling in Vascular Hypertrophy.- Control and Function of Alterations in Contractile Protein Isoform Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle.- Biophysical and Biochemical Properties of "Asthmatic" Airway Smooth Muscle.- Poster Presentations.- Purification of Protein Kinase C and Identification of Isozymes in Vascular Smooth Muscle.- Polylysine: An Activator of Smooth Muscle Contractility.- Increased ATPase Activity and Myosin Light Chain Kinase (MLCK) Content in Airway Smooth Muscle from Sensitized Dogs.- Isoforms (Conformations?) of Turkey Gizzard Myosin Light Chain Kinase: Separation by Anion Exchange High Performance Liquid Chromatography.- Cloning Phospholamban cDNA from Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle.- Myosin Heavy Chain Isoform Patterns Do Not Correlate with Force-Velocity Relationships in Pulmonary Arterial Compared with Systemic Arterial Smooth Muscle.- Detailed Balance and Four State Models of Smooth Muscle Activation.- Regulation of the Step-Distance in Shortening Muscles.- An Analysis of Length-Dependent Active Stiffness in Smooth Muscle Strips.- Effects of Muscle Length on Intracellular Ca2+ During Isometric Contraction of Tracheal Smooth Muscle.- Isotonic Shortening Parameters but Not Isometric Force Development are Altered in Ragweed Pollen Sensitized Canine Bronchial Smooth Muscle.- Frequency Analysis of Skinned Indirect Flight Muscle from a Myosin Light Chain 2 Deficient Mutant of Drosophila melanogaster with a Reduced Wing Beat Frequency.- Control of HC03-Dependent Exchangers by Cyclic Nucleotides in VascularSmooth Muscle Cells.- Norepinephrine Stimulates Inositol Trisphosphate Formation in Rat Pulmonary Arteries.- Time-Dependent Decrease in Ca2+-Sensitivity in "Phasic Smooth Muscle".- Calcium-Dependent and Independent Mechanisms of Contraction in Canine Lingual Artery to U-46619.- Mode of Action of Neurotransmitters on Depolarized Smooth Muscle.- In Vitro Synaptic Transmission in Sympathetic Neuron-Vascular Smooth Muscle Co-Cultures.- Platelet Activating Factor Causes Relaxation of Isolated Pulmonary Artery and Aorta.- The Effect of Calcium Antagonist on Norepinephrine-Induced 86Rb Efflux in Obese Zucker Rats.- Effects of Pinacidil, Cromakalim, and Nicorandil on Potassium Currents of Rat Basilar Artery Smooth Muscle.- Participants.
Tribute to Prof essor Edith Bülbring.- Contractile Protein Studies.- Structure-Function Relationships in Smooth Muscle Myosin Light Chain Kinase.- Regulation of Smooth Muscle Myosin Light Chain Kinase by Calmodulin.- Regulation of Smooth Muscle Actomyosin Function.- Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Smooth Muscle Calponin.- In Vitro Evidence for Smooth Muscle Crossbridge Mechanical Interactions.- Permeabilized Fiber Studies.- Regulation of a Smooth Muscle Contraction: A Hypothesis Based on Skinned Fiber Studies.- Cooperative Mechanisms in the Regulation of Smooth Muscle Contraction.- Mechanics of the Crossbridge Interaction in Living and Chemically Skinned Smooth Muscle.- Modulation of Ca2+ Sensitivity by Agonists in Smooth Muscle.- Regulation of the Ca2+-Force Relationship in Permeabilized Arterial Smooth Muscle.- Intact Fiber Studies.- Myosin Light Chain Kinase Phosphorylation: Regulation of the Ca2+ Sensitivity of Contractile Elements.- Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms and Smooth Muscle Function.- Mechanical and Biochemical Events During Hypoxia-Induced Relaxations of Rabbit Aorta.- Can Different Four-State Crossbridge Models Explain Latch and the Energetics of Vascular Smooth Muscle?.- Calcium Homeostasis in Single Intact Smooth Muscle Cells.- Excitation-Contraction Coupling.- Pharmacomechanical Coupling: The Membranes Talk to the Crossbridges.- Characteristics of the Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channel in Smooth Muscle: Patch-Clamp Studies.- Changes in Cytoplasmic Calcium Induced by Purinergic P2X Receptor Activation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Sensory Neurons.- Purification and Reconstitution of the Ryanodine- and Caffeine-Sensitive Ca2+ Release Channel Complex from Muscle Sarcoplasmic Reticulum.- Cytosolic Calcium Ion Regulation in CulturedEndothelial Cells.- Adaptation.- Altered Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Hypertension: Role of Plasma Membrane Phospholipids and Ion Channels.- Many Membrane Abnormalities in Hypertension Result from One Primary Defect.- [Ca2+Ji Distribution and Signalling in Vascular Hypertrophy.- Control and Function of Alterations in Contractile Protein Isoform Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle.- Biophysical and Biochemical Properties of "Asthmatic" Airway Smooth Muscle.- Poster Presentations.- Purification of Protein Kinase C and Identification of Isozymes in Vascular Smooth Muscle.- Polylysine: An Activator of Smooth Muscle Contractility.- Increased ATPase Activity and Myosin Light Chain Kinase (MLCK) Content in Airway Smooth Muscle from Sensitized Dogs.- Isoforms (Conformations?) of Turkey Gizzard Myosin Light Chain Kinase: Separation by Anion Exchange High Performance Liquid Chromatography.- Cloning Phospholamban cDNA from Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle.- Myosin Heavy Chain Isoform Patterns Do Not Correlate with Force-Velocity Relationships in Pulmonary Arterial Compared with Systemic Arterial Smooth Muscle.- Detailed Balance and Four State Models of Smooth Muscle Activation.- Regulation of the Step-Distance in Shortening Muscles.- An Analysis of Length-Dependent Active Stiffness in Smooth Muscle Strips.- Effects of Muscle Length on Intracellular Ca2+ During Isometric Contraction of Tracheal Smooth Muscle.- Isotonic Shortening Parameters but Not Isometric Force Development are Altered in Ragweed Pollen Sensitized Canine Bronchial Smooth Muscle.- Frequency Analysis of Skinned Indirect Flight Muscle from a Myosin Light Chain 2 Deficient Mutant of Drosophila melanogaster with a Reduced Wing Beat Frequency.- Control of HC03-Dependent Exchangers by Cyclic Nucleotides in VascularSmooth Muscle Cells.- Norepinephrine Stimulates Inositol Trisphosphate Formation in Rat Pulmonary Arteries.- Time-Dependent Decrease in Ca2+-Sensitivity in "Phasic Smooth Muscle".- Calcium-Dependent and Independent Mechanisms of Contraction in Canine Lingual Artery to U-46619.- Mode of Action of Neurotransmitters on Depolarized Smooth Muscle.- In Vitro Synaptic Transmission in Sympathetic Neuron-Vascular Smooth Muscle Co-Cultures.- Platelet Activating Factor Causes Relaxation of Isolated Pulmonary Artery and Aorta.- The Effect of Calcium Antagonist on Norepinephrine-Induced 86Rb Efflux in Obese Zucker Rats.- Effects of Pinacidil, Cromakalim, and Nicorandil on Potassium Currents of Rat Basilar Artery Smooth Muscle.- Participants.
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