Nigel Dimmock, Andrew J. Easton, Keith N. Leppard

Introduction to Modern Virology

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

* This book provides an integrated account of the subject across different host systems, with an emphasis on human and animal viruses
* The text is organised into thematic sections on the fundamental nature of viruses, their growth in cells, their interactions with the host organism and their role as agents of human disease
* Places more emphasis on immunology and pathology than in many other books
* Packed with accessible features for students, including key points, integrative questions, take-home messages, and a full-colour artwork programme

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Praised forits clarity of presentation and accessibility, Introduction to Modern Virology has been a successful student text for over 30 years. It provides a broad introduction to virology, which includes the nature of viruses, the interaction of viruses with their hosts and the consequences of those interactions that lead to the diseases we see. This new edition contains a number of important changes and innovations including:
The consideration of immunology now covers two chapters, one on innate immunity and the other on adaptive immunity, reflecting the explosion in knowledge of viral interactions with these systems.
The coverage of vaccines and antivirals has been expanded and separated into two new chapters to reflect the importance of these approaches to prevention and treatment.
Virus infections in humans are considered in more detail with new chapters on viral hepatitis, influenza, vector-borne diseases, and exotic and emerging viral infections, complementing an updated chapter on HIV.
The final section includes three new chapters on the broader aspects of the influence of viruses on our lives, focussing on the economic impact of virus infections, the ways we can use viruses in clinical and other spheres, and the impact that viruses have on the planet and almost every aspect of our lives.

A good basic understanding of viruses is important for generalists and specialists alike. The aim of this book is to make such understanding as accessible as possible, allowing students across the biosciences spectrum to improve their knowledge of these fascinating entities.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Wiley & Sons
• Artikelnr. des Verlages: 1W119978100
• 7. Aufl.
• Seitenzahl: 544
• Erscheinungstermin: 4. März 2016
• Abmessung: 246mm x 184mm x 27mm
• Gewicht: 1042g
• ISBN-13: 9781119978107
• ISBN-10: 1119978106
• Artikelnr.: 41653318

Autorenporträt

Nigel Dimmock is an internationally acclaimed virologist who has spent the major part of his career at the University of Warwick where he is an emeritus Professor. His main research interests are influenza virus and antiviral strategies. Andrew Easton is a Professor of Virology at the University of Warwick. His research focuses on the molecular biology and pathogenesis of respiratory viruses, particularly respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus and the control of translation of virus mRNA. Keith Leppard is an Associate Professor (Reader) at the University of Warwick. His research focuses on adenoviruses: their replication, the effects of viral proteins on the host cell, and on the development of the virus as a gene delivery vehicle.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xvii About the companion website xix PART I THE NATURE OF VIRUSES 1
Chapter 1 Towards a definition of a virus 3 1.1 Discovery of viruses 4 1.2
Multiplication of viruses 5 1.3 The virus multiplication cycle 6 1.4
Viruses can be defined in chemical terms 7 1.5 Multiplication of bacterial
and animal viruses is fundamentally similar 10 1.6 Viruses can be
manipulated genetically 11 1.7 Properties of viruses 11 1.8 Origin of
viruses 12 Key points 12 Further reading 12 Chapter 2 The structure of
virus particles 13 2.1 Virus particles are constructed from subunits 13 2.2
The structure of filamentous viruses and nucleoproteins 14 2.3 The
structure is of isometric virus particles 15 2.4 Enveloped (membrane-bound)
virus particles 24 2.5 Virus particles with head-tail morphology 27 2.6
Frequency of occurrence of different virus particle morphologies 28 2.7
Principles of disassemply: virus particles are metastable 28 Key points 29
Further reading 29 Chapter 3 Classification of viruses 30 3.1
Classification on the basis of disease 30 3.2 Classification on the basis
of host organism 31 3.3 Classification on the basis of virus particle
morphology 31 3.4 Classification on the basis of viral nucleic acids 32 3.5
Classification on the basis of taxonomy 34 3.6 Satellites, viroids and
prions 35 Key points 37 Further reading 38 Chapter 4 The evolution of
viruses 39 4.1 Mechanisms of virus evolution 40 4.2 The potential for rapid
evolution: mutation and quasispecies 40 4.3 Rapid evolution: recombination
43 4.4 Rapid evolution: reassortment 43 4.5 Evolution to find a host, and
subsequent co-evolution with the host 46 Key points 51 Questions 51 Further
reading 51 Chapter 5 Techniques for studying viruses 52 5.1 Culturing wild
virus isolates 52 5.2 Enumeration of viruses 54 5.3 Measuring infectious
virus titres 55 5.4 Measuring physical virus titres 57 5.5 Detecting virus
in a sample 58 5.6 Understanding virus replication cycles 62 5.7 Viral
genetics and reverse genetics 63 5.8 Systems-level virology 63 Key points
65 Questions 65 Further reading 65 PART II VIRUS GROWTH IN CELLS 67 Chapter
6 The process of infection: I. Virus attachment and entry into cells 69 6.1
Infection of animal cells: the nature and importance of receptors 69 6.2
Infection of animal cells: enveloped viruses 73 6.3 Infection of animal
cells: non-enveloped viruses 78 6.4 Infection of plant cells 80 6.5
Infection of bacteria 81 6.6 Infection of cells: post-entry events 82 6.7
Virus entry: cell culture and the whole organism 84 Key points 84 Questions
84 Further reading 85 Chapter 7 The process of infection: IIA. The
replication of viral DNA 86 7.1 The universal mechanism of DNA synthesis 87
7.2 Replication of circular double-stranded DNA genomes 90 7.3 Replication
of linear double-stranded DNA genomes that can form circles 93 7.4
Replication of linear double-stranded DNA genomes that do not circularize
96 7.5 Replication of single-stranded circular DNA genomes 100 7.6
Replication of single-stranded linear DNA genomes 100 7.7 Dependency versus
autonomy among DNA viruses 103 Key points 103 Questions 103 Further reading
103 Chapter 8 The process of infection: IIB. Genome replication in RNA
viruses 105 8.1 Nature and diversity of RNA virus genomes 106 8.2
Regulatory elements for RNA virus genome synthesis 106 8.3 Synthesis of the
RNA genome of Baltimore class 3 viruses 111 8.4 Synthesis of the RNA genome
of Baltimore class 4 viruses 111 8.5 Synthesis of the RNA genome of
Baltimore class 5 viruses 115 8.6 Synthesis of the RNA genome of viroids
and hepatitis delta virus 118 Key points 119 Questions 119 Further reading
119 Chapter 9 The process of infection: IIC. The replication of RNA viruses
with a DNA intermediate and vice versa 121 9.1 The retrovirus replication
cycle 122 9.2 Discovery of reverse transcription 122 9.3 Retroviral reverse
transcriptase 123 9.4 Mechanism of retroviral reverse transcription 125 9.5
Integration of retroviral DNA into cell DNA 128 9.6 Production of
retrovirus progeny genomes 130 9.7 Spumaviruses: retrovirus with unusual
features 131 9.8 The hepadnavirus replication cycle 131 9.9 Mechanism of
hepadnavirus reverse transcription 131 9.10 Comparing reverse transcribing
viruses 134 Key points 134 Questions 134 Further reading 135 Chapter 10 The
process of infection: IIIA. Gene expression in DNA viruses and
reverse-transcribing viruses 136 10.1 The DNA viruses and retroviruses:
Baltimore classes 1, 2, 6 and 7 137 10.2 Polyomaviruses 138 10.3
Papillomaviruses 142 10.4 Adenoviruses 144 10.5 Herpesviruses 147 10.6
Poxviruses 149 10.7 Parvoviruses 149 10.8 Retroviruses 150 10.9
Hepadnaviruses 153 10.10 DNA bacteriophages 154 Key points 154 Questions
155 Further reading 155 Chapter 11 The process of infection: IIIB. Gene
expression and its regulation in RNA viruses 156 11.1 The RNA viruses:
Baltimore classes 3, 4 and 5 157 11.2 Reoviruses 158 11.3 Picornaviruses
163 11.4 Alphaviruses 164 11.5 Coronaviruses 166 11.6 Negative sense RNA
viruses with segmented genomes 169 11.7 Orthomyxoviruses 169 11.8
Arenaviruses 173 11.9 Negative sense RNA viruses with non-segmented, single
stranded genomes: rhabdoviruses and paramyxoviruses 174 Key points 177
Questions 178 Further reading 178 Chapter 12 The process of infection: IV.
The assembly of viruses 179 12.1 Self-assembly from mature virion
components 180 12.2 Assembly of viruses with a helical structure 180 12.3
Assembly of viruses with an isometric structure 184 12.4 Assembly of
complex viruses 187 12.5 Sequence-dependent and -independent packaging of
virus DNA in virus particles 189 12.6 The assembly of enveloped viruses 190
12.7 Segmented virus genomes: the acquisition of multiple nucleic acid
molecules 194 12.8 Maturation of virus particles 195 Key points 196
Questions 197 Further reading 197 PART III VIRUS INTERACTIONS WITH THE
WHOLE ORGANISM 199 Chapter 13 Innate and intrinsic immunity 201 13.1 Innate
immune responses in vertebrates - discovery of interferon 202 13.2
Induction of type 1 interferon responses 203 13.3 Virus countermeasures to
innate immunity 207 13.4 TRIM proteins and immunity 209 13.5 Intrinsic
resistance to viruses in vertebrates 210 13.6 Innate and intrinsic immunity
and the outcome of infection 212 13.7 RNAi is an important antiviral
mechanism in invertebrates and plants 212 13.8 Detecting and signalling
infection in invertebrates and plants 214 13.9 Virus resistance mechanisms
in bacteria and archaea 215 Key points 216 Questions 217 References 217
Chapter 14 The adaptive immune response 218 14.1 General features of the
adaptive immune system 219 14.2 Cell-mediated immunity 221 14.3
Antibody-mediated humoral immunity 226 14.4 Virus evasion of adaptive
immunity 232 14.5 Age and adaptive immunity 233 14.6 Interaction between
the innate and adaptive immune systems 233 Key points 234 Questions 236
Further reading 236 Chapter 15 Interactions between animal viruses and
cells 237 15.1 Acutely cytopathogenic infections 238 15.2 Persistent
infections 238 15.3 Latent infections 241 15.4 Transforming infections 243
15.5 Abortive infections 243 15.6 Null infections 244 15.7 How do animal
viruses kill cells? 244 Key points 246 Questions 247 Further reading 247
Chapter 16 Animal virus-host interactions 248 16.1 Cause and effect: Koch's
postulates 248 16.2 A classification of virus-host interactions 249 16.3
Acute infections 252 16.4 Subclinical infections 253 16.5 Persistent and
chronic infections 254 16.6 Latent infections 256 16.7 Slowly progressive
diseases 257 16.8 Virus-induced tumours 258 Key points 259 Questions 260
Further reading 260 Chapter 17 Mechanisms in virus latency 261 17.1 The
latent interaction of virus and host 261 17.2 Gene expression and the lytic
and lysogenic life of bacteriophage lambda 263 17.3 Herpes simplex virus
latency 270 17.4 Epstein-Barr virus latency 274 17.5 Latency in other
herpesviruses 275 17.6 HIV-1 latency 277 Key points 277 Questions 278
Further reading 278 Chapter 18 Transmission of viruses 279 18.1 Virus
transmission cycles 279 18.2 Barriers to transmission 281 18.3 Routes of
horizontal transmission in animals 282 18.4 Vertical transmission 285 18.5
Vector-borne viruses and zoonotic transmission 287 18.6 Epidemiology of
virus infections 289 18.7 Sustaining infection in populations 290 Key
points 291 Questions 291 Further reading 291 PART IV VIRUSES AND HUMAN
DISEASE 293 Chapter 19 Human viral disease: an overview 295 19.1 A survey
of human viral pathogens 295 19.2 Factors affecting the relative incidence
of viral disease 297 19.3 Factors determining the nature and severity of
viral disease 299 19.4 Common signs and symptoms of viral infection 301
19.5 Acute viral infection 1: gastrointestinal infections 302 19.6 Acute
viral infection 2: respiratory infections 304 19.7 Acute viral infection 3:
systemic spread 306 19.8 Acute viral disease: conclusions 306 Key points
307 Questions 308 Further reading 308 Chapter 20 Influenza virus infection
309 20.1 The origins of human influenza viruses 309 20.2 Influenza virus
replication 315 20.3 Influenza virus infection and disease 316 20.4 Virus
determinants of disease 321 20.5 Host factors in influenza virus disease
322 20.6 The immune response and influenza virus 323 20.7 Anti-influenza
treatment 324 Key points 325 Questions 326 Further reading 326 Chapter 21
HIV and AIDS 327 21.1 Origins and spread of the HIV pandemic 327 21.2
Molecular biology of HIV 330 21.3 HIV transmission and tropism 338 21.4
Course of HIV infection: pathogenesis and disease 339 21.5 Immunological
abnormalities during HIV infection 342 21.6 Prevention and control of HIV
infection 343 Key points 345 Questions 346 Further reading 346 Chapter 22
Viral hepatitis 347 22.1 The signs and symptoms of hepatitis 347 22.2
Hepatitis A virus infections 349 22.3 Hepatitis E virus infections 350 22.4
Hepatitis B virus infections 352 22.5 Hepatitis D virus infections 355 22.6
Hepatitis C virus infections 356 Key points 359 Questions 361 Further
reading 361 Chapter 23 Vector-borne infections 362 23.1 Arboviruses and
their hosts 362 23.2 Yellow fever virus 363 23.3 Dengue virus 367 23.4
Chikungunya virus 369 23.5 West Nile virus in the USA 372 Key points 375
Questions 375 Further reading 375 Chapter 24 Exotic and emerging viral
infections 376 24.1 Ebola and Marburg viruses: emerging filoviruses 377
24.2 Hendra and Nipah viruses: emerging paramyxoviruses 381 24.3 SARS and
MERS: emerging coronaviruses 383 24.4 Predicting the future: clues from
analysis of the genomes of previously unknown viruses 386 Key points 386
Questions 386 Further reading 387 Chapter 25 Carcinogenesis and tumour
viruses 388 25.1 Immortalization, transformation and tumourigenesis 389
25.2 Oncogenic viruses 390 25.3 Polyomaviruses, papillomaviruses and
adenoviruses: the small DNA tumour viruses as experimental models 394 25.4
Papillomaviruses and human cancer 398 25.5 Polyomaviruses and human cancer
399 25.6 Herpesvirus involvement in human cancers 400 25.7 Retroviruses as
experimental model tumour viruses 402 25.8 Retroviruses and
naturally-occurring tumours 404 25.9 Hepatitis viruses and liver cancer 405
25.10 Prospects for the control of virus-associated cancers 406 Key points
407 Questions 408 Further reading 408 Chapter 26 Vaccines and
immunotherapy: the prevention of virus diseases 409 26.1 The principles of
vaccination 411 26.2 Whole virus vaccines 412 26.3 Advantages,
disadvantages and difficulties associated with whole virus vaccines 415
26.4 Subunit vaccines 420 26.5 Advantages, disadvantages and difficulties
associated with subunit vaccines 421 26.6 Considerations for the generation
and use of vaccines 422 26.7 Adverse reactions and clinical complications
with vaccines 423 26.8 Eradication of virus diseases by vaccination 425
26.9 Immunotherapy for virus infections 428 26.10 Adverse reactions and
clinical complications with immunotherapy 429 Key points 429 Questions 430
Further reading 430 Chapter 27 Antiviral therapy 431 27.1 Scope and
limitations of antiviral therapy 431 27.2 Antiviral therapy for herpesvirus
infections 432 27.3 Antiviral therapy for influenza virus infections 434
27.4 Antiviral therapy for HIV infections 435 27.5 Antiviral therapy for
hepatitis virus infections 439 27.6 Therapy for other virus infections 440
Key Points 441 Questions 441 Further Reading 442 Chapter 28 Prion diseases
443 28.1 The spectrum of prion diseases 443 28.2 The prion hypothesis 444
28.3 The aetiology of prion diseases 447 28.4 Prion disease pathogenesis
448 28.5 Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) 451 28.6 BSE and the
emergence of variant CJD 453 28.7 Concerns about variant CJD in the future
454 28.8 Unresolved issues 455 Key points 456 Questions 456 Further reading
456 PART V VIROLOGY - THE WIDER CONTEXT 459 Chapter 29 The economic impact
of viruses 461 29.1 The economics of virus infections of humans 462 29.2
The economics of virus infections of animals 464 29.3 The economics of
virus infections of plants 466 29.4 The Netherlands tulip market crash 469
Key points 470 Further reading 470 Chapter 30 Recombinant viruses: making
viruses work for us 472 30.1 Recombinant viruses as vaccines 473 30.2
Recombinant viruses for gene therapy 474 30.3 Retroviral vectors for gene
therapy 476 30.4 Adenovirus vectors for gene therapy 478 30.5 Parvovirus
vectors for gene therapy 480 30.6 Oncolytic viruses for cancer therapy 480
30.7 Recombinant viruses in the laboratory 482 Key points 482 Questions 482
Further reading 483 Chapter 31 Viruses: shaping the planet 484 31.1 Virus
infections can give a host an evolutionary advantage 484 31.2 Endogenous
retroviruses and host biology 485 31.3 Bacteriophage can be pathogenicity
determinants for their hosts 488 31.4 Cyanophage impacts on carbon fixation
and oceanic ecosystems 488 31.5 Virology and society: for good or ill 489
Key points 490 Questions 490 Further reading 490 Index 491