If Babel Had a Form
Translating Equivalence in the Twentieth-Century Transpacific
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"The story of Babel--a tale of all the world's languages fallen into mutual unintelligibility--reminds us of meaning's precarity and the manifold obstacles to linguistic transparency that exist within a plurality of tongues. If Babel Had a Form takes theories of untranslatability into new territory. Unpacking epistemologies of value, equivalence, and abstraction in transpacific contexts, it debunks binary paradigms of East-West linguistic and cultural difference even as it elucidates the complex and sometimes violent processes of social differentiation. Translation as a poetic praxis of 'concr...
"The story of Babel--a tale of all the world's languages fallen into mutual unintelligibility--reminds us of meaning's precarity and the manifold obstacles to linguistic transparency that exist within a plurality of tongues. If Babel Had a Form takes theories of untranslatability into new territory. Unpacking epistemologies of value, equivalence, and abstraction in transpacific contexts, it debunks binary paradigms of East-West linguistic and cultural difference even as it elucidates the complex and sometimes violent processes of social differentiation. Translation as a poetic praxis of 'concrete abstraction' is fully in play. A go-to book for comparatists of every stripe."--Emily Apter, author of Against World Literature "If Babel Had a Form is lucid, yet theoretically sophisticated. Its attention to granular details yields a degree of abstraction lying in the heartbeat of the transpacific."--Yunte Huang, author of Transpacific Imaginations "The likeness of form between Chinese and English sentences," writes the American Sinologist Ernest Fenollosa around 1906, "renders translation from one to the other exceptionally easy." If Babel Had a Form asks not if his claim may be true, but what its phantasmic surprise may yet do. In twentieth-century intersections of China and Asia with the United States, translations did more than communicate meaning across politicized and racializing differences of language and nation. Transpacific translation breached the regulative protocols that created those very differences of human value and cultural meaning. The result, Tze-Yin Teo argues, saw translators cleaving to the sounds and shapes of poetry to imagine a translingual "likeness of form" but not of meaning or kind. At stake in this form without meaning is a startling new task of equivalence. As a concept, equivalence has been rejected for its colonizing epistemology of value. Yet the writers studied in this book veered from those ways of knowing to theorize a poetic equivalence: negating the colonial foundations of the concept, they ignited aporias of meaning into flashpoints for a radical literary translation. If Babel Had a Form illuminates the demanding force of even the slightest sameness entangled in the translator's work of remaking our differences. Tze-Yin Teo is Assistant Professor of Comparative Literature and Translation Studies at the University of Oregon.
