There is a tremendous stress in water quality issue across the globe leading to the challenges in developing promising technology for its purification. The major sources of liquid pollutant being the effluent discharges of several textile, food and dyeing industries owing to the content of waste organic dyes. The cost effective materials like nano ZnO, TiO2 and activated carbon have the potential to be adopted for removal of contaminant waste organic dyes from aqueous media. Sorption behaviour including process optimization, kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics are extensively studied and discussed. The content of this book proposes on development of separation technology through adsorption process for purification of waste water utilising synthetic vis-a'-vis natural materials. The illustration of this study would be beneficial to treat the waste effluent containing other waste organic dye as well.