Notice of Web Site and Periodic Supplements for This Edition v
Preface xvii
Acknowledgements xxv
The Authors xxix
Part One Perspectives and Foundations 1
1 Overview of Higher Education Law 3
1.1. How Far the Law Reaches and How Loud It Speaks 3
1.2. Evolution of Higher Education Law 7
1.3. The Governance of Higher Education 9
1.4. Sources of Higher Education Law 16
1.5. The Public-Private Dichotomy 23
1.6. Religion and the Public-Private Dichotomy 35
2. Legal Planning and Dispute Resolution 57
2.1. Legal Liability 57
2.2. Litigation in the Courts 66
2.3. Alternate Dispute Resolution 79
2.4. Institutional Management of Liability Risk 85
2.5. The Relationship Between Law and Policy 94
Part Two The College, Its Governing Board, and Employees 103
3. The College and Its Trustees 105
3.1. The Question of Authority 105
3.2. Institutional Tort Liability 109
3.3. Institutional Contract Liability 128
3.4. Institutional Liability for Violating Federal Constitutional Rights (Section 1983 Liability) 132
4. The College and Its Employees 142
4.1. Overview of Employment Relationships 142
4.2. Employment Contracts 144
4.3. Collective Bargaining 145
4.4. Personal Liability of Employees 149
4.5. Employment Discrimination 159
4.6. Affirmative Action 182
4.7. Application of Nondiscrimination Laws to Religious Institutions 190
4.8. Faculty Academic Freedom and Freedom of Expression 196
Part Three The College and Its Students 241
5. The Legal Status of Students 243
5.1. The Legal Status of Students 243
5.2. The Contractual Rights of Students 244
5.3. Student Academic Freedom 253
5.4. Students' Legal Relationships with Other Students 262
5.5. Student Files and Records 269
6. Admissions and Financial Aid 280
6.1. Admissions 280
6.2. Financial Aid 330
7. The Campus Community 359
7.1. Student Housing 359
7.2. Campus Computer Networks 371
7.3. Campus Security 380
7.4. Other Support Services 390
8. Academic Policies and Concerns 402
8.1. Overview 402
8.2. Awarding of Grades and Degrees 402
8.3. Sexual Harassment of Students by Faculty Members 410
8.4. Evaluating Students with Disabilities 426
9. The Disciplinary Process 441
9.1. Disciplinary and Grievance Systems 441
9.2. Disciplinary Rules and Regulations 451
9.3. Procedures for Suspension, Dismissal, and Other Sanctions 456
10. Students' Freedom of Expression 478
10.1. Student Protests and Freedom of Speech 478
10.2. Speech Codes and the Problem of Hate Speech 498
Part Four: The College and Its Student Organizations 511
11. Student Organizations and Their Members 513
11.1. Student Organizations 513
11.2. Fraternities and Sororities 538
11.3. The Student Press 549
12. Athletics 568
12.1. General Principles 568
12.2. Athletes' Due Process Rights 569
12.3. Athletes' Freedom of Speech 570
12.4. Pertinent Statutory Law 573
12.5. Athletic Scholarships 574
12.6. Sex Discrimination 578
12.7. Discrimination on the Basis of Disability 589
12.8. Drug Testing 591
12.9. Tort Liability for Athletic Injuries 596
Part Five: The College and The Outside World 605
13. Local and State Governments 607
13.1. Local Governments and the Local Community 607
13.2. State Government 648
14. The Federal Government 672
14.1. Overview of Federal Government Authority 672
14.2. Copyright Law 675
14.3. Trademark Law 690
14.4. Antitrust Law 696
14.5. Americans with Disabilities Act 702
14.6. Laws Regulating Computer Network Communications 705
14.7. Federal Taxation of Postsecondary Education 718
14.8. Federal Aid-to-Education Programs 722
14.9. Civil Rights Compliance 725
14.10. Dealing with the Federal Government 744
15. Private Entities 758
15.1. Education Associations 758
15.2. Accrediting Agencies 760
15.3. Athletic Associations and Conferences 762
15.4. Private Business 780
Appendix A. Constitution of the United States of America: Provisions of Particular Interest to Postsecondary Education 794
Cases Index 799
Statute Index 811
Subject Index 815
