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Latin American Counterinsurgency: Early 20th Century Lessons for Afghanistan Today
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The Sandino rebellion in Nicaragua and the Punitive Expedition into Mexico confirm counterinsurgency best practices and provide insight into, and lessons for, the current conflict in Afghanistan. This paper's framework is a quick look exploratory case study of Afghanistan, the Sandino Rebellion and the Punitive Expedition with a comparative analysis of the cases' lessons learned to each other through the prism of current thought on counterinsurgency best practices. The Sandino Rebellion and the Punitive Expedition were chosen for their parallels to the current counterinsurgency in Afghanistan ...
The Sandino rebellion in Nicaragua and the Punitive Expedition into Mexico confirm counterinsurgency best practices and provide insight into, and lessons for, the current conflict in Afghanistan. This paper's framework is a quick look exploratory case study of Afghanistan, the Sandino Rebellion and the Punitive Expedition with a comparative analysis of the cases' lessons learned to each other through the prism of current thought on counterinsurgency best practices. The Sandino Rebellion and the Punitive Expedition were chosen for their parallels to the current counterinsurgency in Afghanistan and the hunt for Osama bin Laden. The cases' comparisons to current counterinsurgency best practices show cross-cultural and cross time applicability of the Latin American counterinsurgency's lessons to Afghanistan. They show the US is now on the right path in Afghanistan, but still needs to educate the military, government and civilian populace better in counterinsurgency. Still lacking is a long-term, strategic guidance and cross governmental focus for counterinsurgency in Afghanistan and proper application of some counterinsurgency best practices, such as properly securing the border with Pakistan, the importance of properly trained and organized police forces, and applying amnesty, rehabilitation and employment programs for former or future insurgents. The primacy the host nation government and US civilian institutions should have in all aspects of the counterinsurgency is also being neglected or ignored. The Latin American examples provide a warning about mission creep if tempted to perform large force raids into Pakistan in the hunt for bin Laden or others, and show how US forces' mere presence and failure to follow counterinsurgency best practices undermined the US' strategic goals in Latin America having a lasting impact, still felt today.
