Bernie Macisaac, Roy Langton, Peter Belobaba, Jonathan Cooper, Allan Seabridge

Gas Turbine Propulsion Systems (eBook, ePUB)

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

Major changes in gas turbine design, especially in the design and complexity of engine control systems, have led to the need for an up to date, systems-oriented treatment of gas turbine propulsion. Pulling together all of the systems and subsystems associated with gas turbine engines in aircraft and marine applications, Gas Turbine Propulsion Systems discusses the latest developments in the field. Chapters include aircraft engine systems functional overview, marine propulsion systems, fuel control and power management systems, engine lubrication and scavenging systems, nacelle and ancillary systems, engine certification, unique engine systems and future developments in gas turbine propulsion systems. The authors also present examples of specific engines and applications. Written from a wholly practical perspective by two authors with long careers in the gas turbine & fuel systems industries, Gas Turbine Propulsion Systems provides an excellent resource for project and program managers in the gas turbine engine community, the aircraft OEM community, and tier 1 equipment suppliers in Europe and the United States. It also offers a useful reference for students and researchers in aerospace engineering.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 352
• Erscheinungstermin: 7. Juli 2011
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119976141
• Artikelnr.: 37341697

Autorenporträt

Bernie MacIsaac is President and CEO of GasTOPS Ltd. in Ottawa, Canada. Roy Langton has recently retired from his position as Vice-President, Engineering & Integrity at Parker Aerospace, where he was responsible for internal seminars & training into feedback control. He is now a technology consultant for Parker, and has also recently been appointed as an editor for the Wiley Aerospace Series.

Inhaltsangabe

About the Authors x Preface xii Series Preface xiv Acknowledgements xvi
List of Acronyms xviii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Gas Turbine Concepts 1 1.2 Gas
Turbine Systems Overview 6 References 9 2 Basic Gas Turbine Operation 11
2.1 Turbojet Engine Performance 11 2.1.1 Engine Performance Characteristics
18 2.1.2 Compressor Surge Control 22 2.1.3 Variable Nozzles 28 2.2
Concluding Commentary 35 References 35 3 Gas Generator Fuel Control Systems
37 3.1 Basic Concepts of the Gas Generator Fuel Control System 37 3.2 Gas
Generator Control Modes 40 3.2.1 Fuel Schedule Definition 42 3.2.2 Overall
Gas Generator Control Logic 45 3.2.3 Speed Governing with Acceleration and
Deceleration Limiting 46 3.2.4 Compressor Geometry Control 62 3.2.5 Turbine
Gas Temperature Limiting 63 3.2.6 Overspeed Limiting 65 3.3 Fuel System
Design and Implementation 65 3.3.1 A Historical Review of Fuel Control
Technologies 67 3.3.2 Fuel Pumping and Metering Systems 72 3.4 The Concept
of Error Budgets in Control Design 77 3.4.1 Measurement Uncertainty 79
3.4.2 Sources of Error 80 3.5 Installation, Qualification, and
Certification Considerations 84 3.5.1 Fuel Handling Equipment 84 3.5.2
Full-authority Digital Engine Controls (FADEC) 86 3.6 Concluding Commentary
88 References 88 4 Thrust Engine Control and Augmentation Systems 89 4.1
Thrust Engine Concepts 89 4.2 Thrust Management and Control 92 4.3 Thrust
Augmentation 95 4.3.1 Water Injection 96 4.3.2 Afterburning 97 Reference
103 5 Shaft Power Propulsion Control Systems 105 5.1 Turboprop Applications
110 5.1.1 The Single-shaft Engine 110 5.1.2 The Free Turbine Turboprop 112
5.2 Turboshaft Engine Applications 119 Reference 130 6 Engine Inlet,
Exhaust, and Nacelle Systems 131 6.1 Subsonic Engine Air Inlets 131 6.1.1
Basic Principles 132 6.1.2 Turboprop Inlet Configurations 133 6.1.3 Inlet
Filtration Systems 135 6.2 Supersonic Engine Air Inlets 136 6.2.1 Oblique
Shockwaves 137 6.2.2 Combined Oblique/Normal Shock Pressure Recovery
Systems 139 6.2.3 Supersonic Inlet Control 141 6.2.4 Overall System
Development and Operation 143 6.2.5 Concorde Air Inlet Control System
(AICS) Example 144 6.3 Inlet Anti-icing 150 6.3.1 Bleed-air Anti-icing
Systems 151 6.3.2 Electrical Anti-icing Systems 151 6.4 Exhaust Systems 151
6.4.1 Thrust Reversing Systems 152 6.4.2 Thrust Vectoring Concepts 155
References 160 7 Lubrication Systems 161 7.1 Basic Principles 161 7.2
Lubrication System Operation 169 7.2.1 System Design Concept 170 7.2.2
System Design Considerations 174 7.2.3 System Monitoring 174 7.2.4 Ceramic
Bearings 179 References 179 8 Power Extraction and Starting Systems 181 8.1
Mechanical Power Extraction 181 8.1.1 Fuel Control Systems Equipment 181
8.1.2 Hydraulic Power Extraction 183 8.1.3 Lubrication and Scavenge Pumps
184 8.1.4 Electrical Power Generation 184 8.2 Engine Starting 187 8.3
Bleed-air-powered Systems and Equipment 189 8.3.1 Bleed-air-driven Pumps
191 8.3.2 Bleed Air for Environmental Control, Pressurization and
Anti-icing Systems 192 8.3.3 Fuel Tank Inerting 193 References 194 9 Marine
Propulsion Systems 195 9.1 Propulsion System Designation 197 9.2 The
Aero-derivative Gas Turbine Engine 198 9.3 The Marine Environment 199 9.3.1
Marine Propulsion Inlets 200 9.3.2 Marine Exhaust Systems 203 9.3.3 Marine
Propellers 204 9.4 The Engine Enclosure 206 9.4.1 The Engine Support System
207 9.4.2 Enclosure Air Handling 208 9.4.3 Enclosure Protection 208 9.5
Engine Ancillary Equipment 209 9.5.1 Engine Starting System 209 9.5.2
Engine Lubrication System 211 9.5.3 Fuel Supply System 212 9.6 Marine
Propulsion Control 214 9.6.1 Ship Operations 214 9.6.2 Overall Propulsion
Control 217 9.6.3 Propulsion System Monitoring 219 9.6.4 Propulsion System
Controller 222 9.6.5 Propulsion System Sequencer 224 9.7 Concluding
Commentary 224 References 225 10 Prognostics and Health Monitoring Systems
227 10.1 Basic Concepts in Engine Operational Support Systems 229 10.1.1
Material Life Limits 229 10.1.2 Performance-related Issues 232 10.1.3
Unscheduled Events 234 10.2 The Role of Design in Engine Maintenance 234
10.2.1 Reliability 235 10.2.2 Maintainability 237 10.2.3 Availability 239
10.2.4 Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis 241 10.3 Prognostics
and Health Monitoring (PHM) 243 10.3.1 The Concept of a Diagnostic
Algorithm 244 10.3.2 Qualification of a Fault Indicator 245 10.3.3 The
Element of Time in Diagnostics 250 10.3.4 Data Management Issues 251
References 255 11 New and Future Gas Turbine Propulsion System Technologies
257 11.1 Thermal Efficiency 257 11.2 Improvements in Propulsive Efficiency
260 11.2.1 The Pratt & Whitney PW1000G Geared Turbofan Engine 261 11.2.2
The CFM International Leap Engine 264 11.2.3 The Propfan Concept 265 11.3
Other Engine Technology Initiatives 268 11.3.1 The Boeing 787 Bleedless
Engine Concept 268 11.3.2 New Engine Systems Technologies 271 11.3.3
Emergency Power Generation 276 11.3.4 On-board Diagnostics 277 References
277 Appendix A Compressor Stage Performance 279 A.1 The Origin of
Compressor Stage Characteristics 279 A.2 Energy Transfer from Rotor to Air
281 References 284 Appendix B Estimation of Compressor Maps 285 B.1 Design
Point Analysis 288 B.2 Stage Stacking Analysis 291 References 293 Appendix
C Thermodynamic Modeling of Gas Turbines 295 C.1 Linear Small-perturbation
Modeling 295 C.1.1 Rotor Dynamics 296 C.1.2 Rotor Dynamics with Pressure
Term 297 C.1.3 Pressure Dynamics 298 C.2 Full-range Model: Extended Linear
Approach 298 C.3 Component-based Thermodynamic Models 299 C.3.1 Inlet 301
C.3.2 Compressor 302 C.3.3 Combustor 302 C.3.4 Turbine 304 C.3.5 Jet Pipe
305 C.3.6 Nozzle 306 C.3.7 Rotor 306 References 306 Appendix D Introduction
to Classical Feedback Control 307 D.1 Closing the Loop 307 D.2 Block
Diagrams and Transfer Functions 308 D.3 The Concept of Stability 310 D.3.1
The Rule for Stability 310 D.4 Frequency Response 311 D.4.1 Calculating
Frequency Response 311 D.5 Laplace Transforms 315 D.5.1 Root Locus 317
D.5.2 Root Locus Construction Rules 318 Reference 321 Index 323