The Java Programming Language

The Java Programming Language

; changes to classes and methods throughout to reflect the addition of generics; major new sections on assertions and regular expressions; coverage of all the new language features, from autoboxing and variable argument methods to the enhanced for-loop and covariant return types; coverage of key new classes, such as Formatter and Scanner. "The Java' Programming Language, Fourth Edition", is the definitive tutorial introduction to the Java language and essential libraries and an indispensable reference for all programmers, including those with extensive experience. It brings together insights you can only get from the creators of Java: insights that will help you write software of exceptional quality.

Direct from the creators of the JavaT programming language, the completely revised fourth edition of The JavaT Programming Language is an indispensable resource for novice and advanced programmers alike.

Developers around the world have used previous editions to quickly gain a deep understanding of the Java programming language, its design goals, and how to use it most effectively in real-world development. Now, Ken Arnold, James Gosling, and David Holmes have updated this classic to reflect the major enhancements in JavaT 2 Standard Edition 5.0 (J2SET 5.0).

The authors systematically cover most classes in Java's main packages, java.lang., java.util, and java.io, presenting in-depth explanations of why these classes work as they do, with informative examples. Several new chapters and major sections have been added, and every chapter has been updated to reflect today's best practices for building robust, efficient, and maintainable Java software.

---

Ken Arnold, formerly senior engineer at Sun Microsystems Laboratories, is a leading expert in object-oriented design and implementation. He was one of the original architects of the Jini(t) technology, and the lead engineer of Sun's JavaSpaces(t) technology. James Gosling is a Fellow and Chief Technology Officer of Sun's Developer Products group, the creator of the Java programming language, and one of the computer industry's most noted programmers. He is the 1996 recipient of Software Development's "Programming Excellence Award." He previously developed NeWS, Sun's network-extensible window system, and was a principal in the Andrew project at Carnegie Mellon University, where he earned a Ph.D. in computer science. David Holmes is director of DLTeCH Pty Ltd, located in Brisbane, Australia. He specializes in synchronization and concurrency and was a member of the JSR-166 expert group that developed the new concurrency utilities. He is also a contributor to the update of the Real-Time Specification for Java, and has spent the past few years working on an implementation of that specification.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface
xxiChapter 1: A Quick Tour
1 1.1 Getting Started
1 1.2 Variables
3 1.3 Comments in Code
6 1.4 Named Constants
7 1.5 Unicode Characters
8 1.6 Flow of Control
9 1.7 Classes and Objects
12 1.8 Methods and Parameters
15 1.9 Arrays
18 1.10 String Objects
21 1.11 Extending a Class
24 1.12 Interfaces
27 1.13 Generic Types
29 1.14 Exceptions
32 1.15 Annotations
35 1.16 Packages
36 1.17 The Java Platform
38 1.18 Other Topics Briefly Noted
39 Chapter 2: Classes and Objects
41 2.1 A Simple Class
42 2.2 Fields
44 2.3 Access Control
47 2.4 Creating Objects
49 2.5 Construction and Initialization
50 2.6 Methods
56 2.7 this
68 2.8 Overloading Methods
69 2.9 Importing Static Member Names
71 2.10 The main Method
73 2.11 Native Methods
74 Chapter 3: Extending Classes
75 3.1 An Extended Class
76 3.2 Constructors in Extended Classes
80 3.3 Inheriting and Redefining Members
84 3.4 Type Compatibility and Conversion
90 3.5 What protected Really Means
93 3.6 Marking Methods and Classes final
96 3.7 Abstract Classes and Methods
97 3.8 The Object Class
99 3.9 Cloning Objects
101 3.10 Extending Classes: How and When
107 3.11 Designing a Class to Be Extended
108 3.12 Single Inheritance versus Multiple Inheritance
114 Chapter 4: Interfaces
117 4.1 A Simple Interface Example
118 4.2 Interface Declarations
120 4.3 Extending Interfaces
122 4.4 Working with Interfaces
126 4.5 Marker Interfaces
130 4.6 When to Use Interfaces
131 Chapter 5: Nested Classes and Interfaces
133 5.1 Static Nested Types
133 5.2 Inner Classes
136 5.3 Local Inner Classes
142 5.4 Anonymous Inner Classes
144 5.5 Inheriting Nested Types
146 5.6 Nesting in Interfaces
148 5.7 Implementation of Nested Types
149 Chapter 6: Enumeration Types
151 6.1 A Simple Enum Example
151 6.2 Enum Declarations
152 6.3 Enum Constant Declarations
154 6.4 java.lang.Enum
159 6.5 To Enum or Not
160 Chapter 7: Tokens, Values, and Variables
161 7.1 Lexical Elements
161 7.2 Types and Literals
166 7.3 Variables
169 7.4 Array Variables
173 7.5 The Meanings of Names
178 Chapter 8: Primitives as Types
183 8.1 Common Fields and Methods
184 8.2 Void
187 8.3 Boolean
187 8.4 Number
188 8.5 Character
192 8.6 Boxing Conversions
198 Chapter 9: Operators and Expressions
201 9.1 Arithmetic Operations
201 9.2 General Operators
204 9.3 Expressions
214 9.4 Type Conversions
216 9.5 Operator Precedence and Associativity
221 9.6 Member Access
223 Chapter 10: Control Flow 229 10.1 Statements and Blocks
229 10.2 if-else
230 10.3 switch
232 10.4 while and do-while
235 10.5 for
236 10.6 Labels
241 10.7 break
241 10.8 continue
244 10.9 return
245 10.10 What, No goto?
246 Chapter 11: Generic Types
247 11.1 Generic Type Declarations
250 11.2 Working with Generic Types
256 11.3 Generic Methods and Constructors
260 11.4 Wildcard Capture
264 11.5 Under the Hood: Erasure and Raw Types
267 11.6 Finding the Right Method--Revisited
272 11.7 Class Extension and Generic Types
276 Chapter 12: Exceptions and Assertions 279 12.1 Creating Exception Types
280 12.2 throw
282 12.3 The throws Clause
283 12.4
try, catch, and finally
286 12.5 Exception Chaining
291 12.6 Stack Traces
294 12.7 When to Use Exceptions
294 12.8 Assertions
296 12.9 When to Use Assertions
297 12.10 Turning Assertions On and Off
300 Chapter 13: Strings and Regular Expressions
305 13.1 Character Sequences
305 13.2 The String Class
306 13.3 Regular Expression Matching
321 13.4 The StringBuilder Class
330 13.5 Working with UTF-16
336 Chapter 14: Threads
337 14.1 Creating Threads
339 14.2 Using Runnable
341 14.3 Synchronization
345 14.4 wait, notifyAll, and notify
354 14.5 Details of Waiting and Notification
357 14.6 Thread Scheduling
358 14.7 Deadlocks
362 14.8 Ending Thread Execution
365 14.9 Ending Application Execution
369 14.10
The Memory Model: Synchronization and volatile
370 14.11 Thread Management, Security, and ThreadGroup
375 14.12 Threads and Exceptions
379 14.13 ThreadLocal Variables
382 14.14 Debugging Threads
384 Chapter 15: Annotations
387 15.1 A Simple Annotation Example
388 15.2 Annotation Types
389 15.3 Annotating Elements
392 15.4 Restricting Annotation Applicability
393 15.5 Retention Policies
395 15.6 Working with Annotations
395 Chapter 16: Reflection
397 16.1 The Class Class
399 16.2 Annotation Queries
414 16.3 The Modifier Class
416 16.4 The Member classes
416 16.5 Access Checking and AccessibleObject
417 16.6 The Field Class
418 16.7 The Method Class
420 16.8 Creating New Objects and the Constructor Class
423 16.9 Generic Type Inspection
426 16.10
Arrays
429 16.11 Packages
432 16.12 The Proxy Class
432 16.13 Loading Classes
435 16.14 Controlling Assertions at Runtime
444 Chapter 17: Garbage Collection and Memory
447 17.1 Garbage Collection
447 17.2 A Simple Model
448 17.3 Finalization
449 17.4 Interacting with the Garbage Collector
452 17.5 Reachability States and Reference Objects
454
Chapter 18: Packages
467 18.1 Package Naming
468 18.2 Type Imports
469 18.3 Package Access
471 18.4 Package Contents
475 18.5 Package Annotations
476 18.6 Package Objects and Specifications
477 Chapter 19: Documentation Comments
481 19.1 The Anatomy of a Doc Comment
482 19.2 Tags
483 19.3 Inheriting Method Documentation Comments
489 19.4 A Simple Example
491 19.5 External Conventions
496 19.6 Notes on Usage
497 Chapter 20: The I/O Package
499 20.1 Streams Overview
500 20.2 Byte Streams
501 20.3 Character Streams
507 20.4 InputStreamReader and OutputStreamWriter
512 20.5 A Quick Tour of the Stream Classes
514 20.6 The Data Byte Streams
537 20.7 Working with Files
540 20.8 Object Serialization
549 20.9 The IOException Classes
563 20.10 A Taste of New I/O
565 Chapter 21: Collections
567 21.1 Collections
567 21.2 Iteration
571 21.3 Ordering with Comparable and Comparator
574 21.4 The Collection Interface
575 21.5 Set and SortedSet
577 21.6 List
580 21.7 Queue
585 21.8 Map and SortedMap
587 21.9 enum Collections
594 21.10 Wrapped Collections and the Collections Class
597 21.11 Synchronized Wrappers and Concurrent Collections
602 21.12 The Arrays Utility Class
607 21.13 Writing Iterator Implementations
609 21.14 Writing Collection Implementations
611 21.15 The Legacy Collection Types
616 21.16 Properties
620 Chapter 22: Miscellaneous Utilities
623 22.1 Formatter
624 22.2 BitSet
632 22.3
Observer/Observable
635 22.4 Random
639 22.5 Scanner
641 22.6 StringTokenizer
651 22.7 Timer and TimerTask
653 22.8 UUID
656 22.9
Math and StrictMath
657 Chapter 23: System Programming
661 23.1 The System Class
662 23.2 Creating Processes
666 23.3 Shutdown
672 23.4 The Rest of Runtime
675 23.5 Security
677 Chapter 24: Internationalization and Localization
685 24.1 Locale
686 24.2 Resource Bundles
688 24.3 Currency
694 24.4 Time, Dates, and Calendars
695 24.5 Formatting and Parsing Dates and Times
703 24.6 Internationalization and Localization for Text
708 Chapter 25: Standard Packages 715 25.1 java.awt--The Abstract Window Toolkit
717 25.2 java.applet--Applets
720 25.3
java.beans--Components
721 25.4 java.math--Mathematics
722 25.5 java.net--The Network
724 25.6 java.rmi--Remote Method Invocation
727 25.7 java.security and Related Packages--Security Tools
732 25.8 java.sql--Relational Database Access
732 25.9 Utility Subpackages
733 25.10 javax.* --Standard Extensions
737 25.11 javax.accessibility--Accessibility for GUIs
737 25.12 javax.naming--Directory and Naming Services
738 25.13 javax.sound--Sound Manipulation
739 25.14 javax.swing--Swing GUI Components
740 25.15 org.omg.CORBA--CORBA APIs
740 Appendix A: Application Evolution
741 A.1 Language, Library, and Virtual Machine Versions
741 A.2 Dealing with Multiple Dialects
743 A.3 Generics: Reification, Erasure, and Raw Types
744 Appendix B: Useful Tables
749Further Reading
755Index
761