The concept of mantle plumes, hot buoyant rock masses that rise in
the mantle, is a key to understand intraplate volcanism in the
framework of modern plate tectonics. Recent progress in
instrumental, analytical and satellite technology enables
scientists to verify the plume hypothesis with seismic tomography,
isotope geochemistry and other sophisticated techniques. A group of
experts review these advances in plume research, and present a
general overview on recent plume studies.
1;Preface;5 2;Contents;7 3;Fluid Dynamics of Mantle Plumes;9 3.1;1 Introduction;9 3.2;2 Plumes from a point source of buoyancy;10 3.3;3 Plumes as boundary layer instabilities;23 3.4;4 Interaction of plumes with the lithosphere;32 3.5;Acknowledgements;47 3.6;References;47 4;Tracing the Hawaiian Mantle Plume by Converted Seismic Waves;57 4.1;Abstract;57 4.2;1 Introduction;58 4.3;2 Method and Data;61 4.4;3 Observations;63 4.5;4 Conclusions;72 4.6;Acknowledgements;74 4.7;References;74 5;Iceland: The current picture of a ridge-centred mantle plume;79 5.1;1 Introduction;80 5.2;2 The crust;80 5.3;3 The mantle beneath Iceland;95 5.4;Acknowledgements;121 5.5;References;121 6;Combined Gas-geochemical and Receiver Function Studies of the Vogtland/ NW Bohemia Intraplate Mantle Degassing Field, Central Europe;135 6.1;1 Introduction;135 6.2;2 Gas flux, composition and isotope (C, He) ratios of free gases from mineral springs and mofettes;144 6.3;3 Geophysical mapping of the lithosphere and the upper mantle using receiver functions;146 6.4;4 Discussion;152 6.5;5 Model of the asthenospherelithosphere interaction;158 6.6;Acknowledgements;160 6.7;References;161 7;Crustal and Upper Mantle Structure of the French Massif Central Plume;167 7.1;Abstract;167 7.2;1 Introduction;168 7.3;2 Joint inversion of travel time residuals and gravity data;171 7.4;3 Scattering at small-scale structures;186 7.5;4 Discussion and Interpretation;188 7.6;Acknowledgements;190 7.7;References;190 8;Geodynamic Setting of the Tertiary Hocheifel Volcanism (Germany), Part I: 40Ar/39Ar geochronology;193 8.1;Abstract;193 8.2;1 Introduction;194 8.3;2 Geological setting and sampling;196 8.4;3 Sample preparation and analytical method method;198 8.5;4 Results ;199 8.6;5 Discussion;204 8.7;6 Conclusions;211 8.8;Acknowledgements;212 8.9;References;213 9;Geodynamic Setting of the Tertiary Hocheifel Volcanism ( Germany), Part II: Geochemistry and Sr, Nd and Pb Isotopic Compositions;215 9.1;Abstract;215 9.2;1 Introduction, geological setting, sampling;216 9.3;2 Analytical methods ;216 9.4;3 Results;217 9.5;4 Discussion;230 9.6;5 Conclusions;241 9.7;Acknowledgements;242 9.8;References;242 10;The Quaternary Volcanic Fields of the East and West Eifel ( Germany);249 10.1;Abstract;249 10.2;1 Introduction;254 10.3;2 General setting of the Quaternary Eifel volcanic fields;255 10.4;3 The Quaternary Volcanic Fields of the Eifel;259 10.5;4 Volcanic constructs and fragmentation and eruptive mechanisms;264 10.6;5 Magmas of the Quaternary Eifel volcanic fields;271 10.7;6 Xenoliths;279 10.8;7 Differentiation of Eifel magmas;288 10.9;8 Volcano field analysis;294 10.10;9 Synthesis of volcano field analysis;303 10.11;10 The Eifel plume model;309 10.12;11 Is volcanism in the Quaternary Eifel volcanic fields extinct?;314 10.13;12 Conclusions;319 10.14;Acknowledgments;321 10.15;References;322 11;Thermal and Geochemical Evolution of the Shallow Subcontinental Lithospheric Mantle Beneath the Eifel: Constraints from Mantle Xenoliths, a Review;331 11.1;1 Introduction;331 11.2;2 Modal Mineralogy of the Eifel SCLM;332 11.3;3 Thermal Evolution of the Eifel SCLM;334 11.4;4 Geochemical Evolution of the Eifel SCLM;336 11.5;Acknowledgements;341 11.6;References;341 12;He-Ne-Ar Isotope Systematics of Eifel and Pannonian Basin Mantle Xenoliths Trace Deep Mantle Plume- Lithosphere Interaction Beneath the European Continent;347 12.1;Abstract;347 12.2;1 Igneous Activity in the Eifel and the Central European Volcanic Province;348 12.3;2 Evidence from Seismic Tomography;349 12.4;3 Geochemical Data (Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes): Identification of Enriched Mantle, ( EM), HIMU and Depleted ( DMM) Components;350 12.5;4 Significance of Noble Gas Isotopes;351 12.6;5 Summary and Conclusions;367 12.7;Acknowledgements;371 12.8;References;371 13;Quaternary Uplift in the Eifel Area;377 13.1;Abstract;377 13.2;1 Introduction;377 13.3;2 Methods;380 13.4;3 Results;381 13.5;4 Discussion;384 13.6;Acknowledgements;385 13.7;References;385 14;The Seismic Signature of the Eifel Plume;387 14.1;Abstract;387 14.2;1 Introduction;388 14.3;2 Eifel Plume Experiment;390 14.4;3 Mantle Tomography ;392 14.5;4 Scattering of Teleseismic Waves;398 14.6;5 Geometry of the Eifel Plume Plume;400 14.7;6 Physical properties of the Eifel Plume in the upper mantle;402 14.8;7 Conclusions;407 14.9;Acknowledgements;407 14.10;References;408 15;Upper Mantle Structure Beneath the Eifel from Receiver Functions;413 15.1;Abstract;413 15.2;1 Data Acquisition and Processing;414 15.3;2 Receiver Function Migration Results;417 15.4;3 Discussion and Conclusions;420 15.5;References;421 16;Rayleigh Wave Dispersion in the Eifel Region;425 16.1;Abstract;425 16.2;1 Introduction;425 16.3;2 Data selection and processing;429 16.4;3 Analysis ;431 16.5;4 Modelling;433 16.6;5 Discussion;442 16.7;Acknowledgements;444 16.8;References;444 17;Seismic Anisotropy in the Asthenosphere Beneath the Eifel Region, Western Germany;447 17.1;Abstract;447 17.2;1 Introduction;448 17.3;2 New Data Data;450 17.4;3 Tectonic/Geodynamic Interpretation ;453 17.5;4 Eurasian Plate Speed Estimation;459 17.6;5 Conclusions;460 17.7;Acknowledgments;460 17.8;References;460 17.9;Appendix;465 18;Gravity Observations in the Western Rhenish Massif and Forward Modelling of the Eifel Plume Bouguer Anomaly;473 18.1;Abstract;473 18.2;1 Introduction;474 18.3;2 Data ;476 18.4;3 Forward Modelling;478 18.5;4 Interpretation and Conclusions;482 18.6;Acknowledgements;483 18.7;References;483 19;Colour Plates;485 20;Index;507
