Private property to land as well as the institutions for
administering it, like cadastres and land registers, have undergone
a spectacular ideological rehabilitation in the post-Communist
transformation societies of East Central Europe. We witness another
phase of ideological and institutional reconfiguration of property
and development schemes for agriculture. This volume concentrates
on the interrelations between changing property regimes and so
called 'agrarianist' development strategies in the
nineteenth and twentieth centuries. There had been property changes
in an enormous dimension especially in the interwar period. The
expropriation of the former feudal classes starting in 1918 was
combined with a massive nationalist mobilization of the rural
masses, thus threatening the property of ethnic minorities, too,
and causing the rise of fascism and national chauvinism. In
connection with missing improvements in rural production and the
break-up of traditional social bonds, the peasants' standard of
living deteriorated and they often turned against modernization as
such. After World War II these reforms considerably influenced the
degree of collectivization in communist times as well as the
redistribution of formerly expropriated land during the social and
intellectual transformation process in the 1990s. These processes
are traced in the post-World War I land reforms, the
professionalisation of rural elites and the institutionalisation of
land accounting systems, in peasant parties and the agrarian press,
and in the programs of peasant and fascist economists and
politicians.
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